ArticleInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2016
Extracellular cadmium in the bronchoalveolar space of long-term tobacco smokers with and without COPD and its association with inflammation.
Article in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toxic metal exposure as a possible risk factor for COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2020Pooled it
- A Narrative Review of Metallomic Studies: Revealing the Toxic Metal Burden in Tobacco Smokers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Evidence of Organ-Specific Metal Accumulation: ICP-MS Elemental Analysis of Autopsy Tissues of Tobacco Smokers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Systemic inflammation mediates the relationship between urinary cadmium and chronic cough risk: findings based on multiple statistical models.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2025Article
- Epithelial NaComprehensive Physiology · 2024Review
- Heavy metal levels and flavonoid intakes are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an NHANES analysis (2007-2010 to 2017-2018).BMC public health · 2023Article
- Associations between environmental heavy metals exposure and preserved ratio impaired spirometry in the U.S. adults.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2023Article
- Comorbid conditions as predictors of mortality in severe COPD - an eight-year follow-up cohort study.European clinical respiratory journal · 2023Article
- Chronic Cadmium Exposure and Genetic Polymorphisms ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Surveillance of long-term environmental elements and PMEnvironmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Korean Red Ginseng water extract inhibits cadmium-induced lung injury via suppressing MAPK/ERK1/2/AP-1 pathway.Journal of ginseng research · 2022Article
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- Cadmium stress dictates central carbon flux and alters membrane composition in Streptococcus pneumoniae.Communications biology · 2020Article
- Cigarette-related cadmium and environmental pollution exposure are reflected in airway ultrafine particle content.ERJ open research · 2020Article
- Cadmium in Human Diseases: It's More than Just a Mere Metal.Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2019Review
- Cadmium in tobacco smokers: a neglected link to lung disease?European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2018Review
- Cadmium and Cadmium/Zinc Ratios and Tobacco-Related Morbidities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Review
- Serum Cadmium and Lead, Current Wheeze, and Lung Function in a Nationwide Study of Adults in the United States.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tobacco contains cadmium, and this metal has been attributed a causative role in pulmonary emphysema among smokers, although extracellular cadmium has not to date been quantified in the bronchoalveolar space of tobacco smokers with or without COPD. We determined whether cadmium is enhanced in the bronchoalveolar space of long-term tobacco smokers with or without COPD in vivo, its association with inflammation, and its effect on chemokine release in macrophage-like cells in vitro. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), sputum, and blood samples were collected from current, long-term smokers with and without COPD and from healthy nonsmokers. Cadmium concentrations were determined in cell-free BAL fluid using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Blood monocyte-derived macrophages were exposed to cadmium chloride in vitro. Depending upon the type of sample, molecular markers of inflammation were quantified either as protein (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) or as mRNA (real-time polymerase chain reaction). Cadmium concentrations were markedly increased in cell-free BAL fluid of smokers compared to that of nonsmokers (n=19-29; P<0.001), irrespective of COPD. In these smokers, the measured cadmium displayed positive correlations with macrophage TNF-α mRNA in BAL, neutrophil and CD8(+) cell concentrations in blood, and finally with IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-9 protein in sputum (n=10-20; P<0.05). The cadmium chloride exposure caused a concentration-dependent increase in extracellular IL-8 protein in monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro. In conclusion, extracellular cadmium is enhanced in the bronchoalveolar space of long-term smokers and displays pro-inflammatory features. Its pathogenic role in tobacco-induced disease deserves further evaluation.
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