Trial reportPediatrics2016
Bottle Size and Weight Gain in Formula-Fed Infants.
Trial report in Pediatrics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Understanding rapid infant weight gain prevention: a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence.European journal of public health · 2020Pooled it
- Infant formula feeding practices associated with rapid weight gain: A systematic review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2018Pooled it
- Infant Feeding Beliefs, Attitudes, Knowledge and Practices of Chinese Immigrant Mothers: An Integrative Review of the Literature.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Pooled it
- A Pilot Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial of Effects of Opaque Bottles on Maternal Sensitivity, Infant Intake, and Infant Weight Status.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2024Trial
- A Pilot Randomized Trial of an Obesity Prevention Program for High-Risk Infants in Primary Care.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Type of infant formula increases early weight gain and impacts energy balance: a randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2018Trial
- INSIGHT responsive parenting intervention and infant feeding practices: randomized clinical trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2018Trial
- The Regulation of Energy Intake in Infancy: A Narrative Review.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Forty Years of Behavioral Diabetes Research: A Personal Journey.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2023Article
- Nutrition- and feeding practice-related risk factors for rapid weight gain during the first year of life: a population-based birth cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
- The new child food package is associated with reduced obesity risk among formula fed infants participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) in Los Angeles County, California, 2003-2016.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2020Article
- Large-for-gestational-age phenotypes and obesity risk in adulthood: a study of 195,936 women.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Infancy weight gain, parental socioeconomic position, and childhood overweight and obesity: a Danish register-based cohort study.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Effects of opaque, weighted bottles on maternal sensitivity and infant intake.Maternal & child nutrition · 2019Article
- Article
- Preserving Cardiovascular Health in Young Children: Beginning Healthier by Starting Earlier.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2018Review
- Key Lessons and Impact of the Growing Healthy mHealth Program on Milk Feeding, Timing of Introduction of Solids, and Infant Growth: Quasi-Experimental Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2018Article
- Early feeding of larger volumes of formula milk is associated with greater body weight or overweight in later infancy.Nutrition journal · 2018Article
- Factors Influencing Engagement and Behavioral Determinants of Infant Feeding in an mHealth Program: Qualitative Evaluation of the Growing Healthy Program.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFormula-fed infants may be at greater risk for overfeeding and rapid weight gain. Different size bottles are used for feeding infants, although little is known about whether bottle size is related to weight gain in bottle-fed infants.
methodsData from the Greenlight Intervention Study, a cluster randomized trial to prevent childhood obesity at 4 pediatric resident clinics, were used to analyze the exposure to regular (<6 oz) or large (≥6 oz) bottle size at the 2-month visit on changes in weight, weight-for-age z score (WAZ), and weight-for-length z score (WLZ) at the 6-month visit. Using multivariable regression, we adjusted for potential confounders (birth weight, gender, age, weight measures at 2 months, parent race/ethnicity, education, household income and size, time between 2- and 6-month visits, and first child status).
resultsForty-five percent (n = 386; 41% black, 35% Hispanic, 23% white, 2% other) of infants at the 2-month visit were exclusively formula-fed, and 44% used large (≥6 oz) bottles. Infants whose parents fed with large bottles had 0.21 kg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05 to 0.37) more weight change, 0.24 U (95% CI: 0.07 to 0.41) more change in WAZ, and 0.31 U (95% CI: 0.08 to 0.54) more change in WLZ during this period than infants fed with regular bottles.
conclusionsUsing a large bottle in early infancy independently contributed to greater weight gain and change in WLZ at the 6-month visit. Although growth in infancy is complex, bottle size may be a modifiable risk factor for rapid infant weight gain and later obesity among exclusively formula-fed infants.
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Registered trials
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