ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2017
Thymic Germinal Centers and Corticosteroids in Myasthenia Gravis: an Immunopathological Study in 1035 Cases and a Critical Review.
Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can Non-Thymomatous Late-Onset Myasthenia Gravis Benefit From Thymectomy? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Myasthenia Gravis and Thymoma.Muscle & nerve · 2026Review
- New-Onset Myasthenia Gravis Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- B Cells and B Cell Depletion in Autoimmunity and Atherosclerosis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Decreased Serum 5-HT: Clinical Correlates and Regulatory Role in NMJ of MG.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Multi-omics profiling reveals intrathymic triggers and novel biomarkers in thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis.Biomarker research · 2026Article
- Pathobiology of thymic epithelial tumours and the treatment strategy based on immuno-oncological characteristics: a narrative review.Mediastinum (Hong Kong, China) · 2026Review
- Distribution of Ectopic Germinal Centers in Thymic Epithelial Tumors and Their Relationship With Thymic Involution.Cancer science · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal stromal cells conditioned by peripheral blood mononuclear cells exert enhanced immunomodulation capacities and alleviate a model of Myasthenia Gravis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Differences Between Females and Males in the Diagnostic Delay and Clinical Course of Thymectomised Myasthenia Gravis.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Thymus research in relation to myasthenia gravis: a new perspective on cell subpopulations and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Subtype-specific atypical B cell profiles in myasthenia gravis reveal distinct immunopathological pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Thymic hyperplasia in myasthenia gravis: a narrative review.Mediastinum (Hong Kong, China) · 2025Review
- Article
- Astragaloside IV protects against autoimmune myasthenia gravis in rats via regulation of mitophagy and apoptosis.Molecular medicine reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Comparison of juvenile and adult myasthenia gravis in a French cohort with focus on thymic histology.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Dexamethasone improves thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis via the AKT-mTOR pathway.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Germinal centers are associated with postthymectomy myasthenia gravis in patients with thymoma.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Distribution of multi-level B cell subsets in thymoma and thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The most common form of Myasthenia gravis (MG) is due to anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies and is frequently associated with thymic pathology. In this review, we discuss the immunopathological characteristics and molecular mechanisms of thymic follicular hyperplasia, the effects of corticosteroids on this thymic pathology, and the role of thymic epithelial cells (TEC), a key player in the inflammatory thymic mechanisms. This review is based not only on the literature data but also on thymic transcriptome results and analyses of pathological and immunological correlations in a vast cohort of 1035 MG patients without thymoma. We show that among patients presenting a thymic hyperplasia with germinal centers (GC), 80 % are females, indicating that thymic follicular hyperplasia is mainly a disease of women. The presence of anti-AChR antibodies is correlated with the degree of follicular hyperplasia, suggesting that the thymus is a source of anti-AChR antibodies. The degree of hyperplasia is not dependent upon the time from the onset, implying that either the antigen is chronically expressed and/or that the mechanisms of the resolution of the GC are not efficiently controlled. Glucocorticoids, a conventional therapy in MG, induce a significant reduction in the GC number, together with changes in the expression of chemokines and angiogenesis. These changes are likely related to the acetylation molecular process, overrepresented in corticosteroid-treated patients, and essential for gene regulation. Altogether, based on the pathological and molecular thymic abnormalities found in MG patients, this review provides some explanations for the benefit of thymectomy in early-onset MG patients.
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