ArticleInfection and immunity2016
Intravenous Inoculation with Chlamydia muridarum Leads to a Long-Lasting Infection Restricted to the Gastrointestinal Tract.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Inhibition of a live-attenuated chlamydia oral vaccine in the large intestine is dependent on CD11c-expressing cells that produce IL-23.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Identification of collaborative cross mouse strains susceptible to chlamydial induction of hydrosalpinx.Infection and immunity · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Tetracycline Susceptibility ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Small intestinal organoids as a model to study interactions ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Immunization AgainstVaccines · 2025Article
- Intestinal IL-22RA1 signaling regulatesFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Regulation of chlamydial spreading from the small intestine to the large intestine by IL-22-producing CD4Infection and immunity · 2024Article
- IL-23 receptor signaling licenses group 3-like innate lymphoid cells to restrict a live-attenuated oral Chlamydia vaccine in the gut.Infection and immunity · 2023Article
- Induction of Transmucosal Protection by Oral Vaccination with an Attenuated Chlamydia.Infection and immunity · 2023Article
- Regulation of chlamydial colonization by IFNγ delivered via distinct cells.Trends in microbiology · 2023Review
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- Chlamydia Deficient in Plasmid-Encoded Glycoprotein 3 (pGP3) as an Attenuated Live Oral Vaccine.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Chlamydia overcomes multiple gastrointestinal barriers to achieve long-lasting colonization.Trends in microbiology · 2021Review
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- Gastrointestinal Chlamydia-Induced CD8Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Immunopathogenesis of genital Chlamydia infection: insights from mouse models.Pathogens and disease · 2021Review
- Adoptive Transfer of Group 3-Like Innate Lymphoid Cells Restores Mouse Colon Resistance to Colonization of a Gamma Interferon-Susceptible Chlamydia muridarum Mutant.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Innate Lymphoid Cells in Response to Intracellular Pathogens: ProtectionFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
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- Effects of Immunomodulatory Drug Fingolimod (FTY720) onInfection and immunity · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chlamydia has been detected in the gastrointestinal tracts of both animals and humans. However, it remains unclear whether the chlamydial organisms can be introduced into the gastrointestinal tract via pathways independent of the oral and anal routes. We have recently shown that Chlamydia muridarum spreads from the genital tract to the gastrointestinal tract potentially via the circulatory system. To test whether hematogenous C. muridarum can spread to and establish a long-lasting colonization in the mouse gastrointestinal tract, we inoculated mice intravenously with a luciferase-expressing C. muridarum strain and monitored its distribution. After tail vein inoculation, most luciferase-generated bioluminescence signals were detected in the mouse abdominal area throughout the experiment. The ex vivo imaging revealed that the abdominal signals came from the gastrointestinal tract tissues. Simultaneous monitoring of chlamydial organisms in individual organs or tissues revealed an initial stage of systemic spreading followed by a long-lasting infection in the gastrointestinal tract. A retro-orbital vein inoculation of the C. muridarum organisms at a lower dose in a different mouse strain also led to colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. We have demonstrated that intravenous C. muridarum inoculation can result in colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that the chlamydial organisms may use the sexual behavior-independent circulation pathway to infect the gastrointestinal tract.
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