SynthesisInternational journal of molecular sciences2016
Prevalence and Predictors of Clozapine-Associated Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Guideline and Checklist for Initiating and Managing Clozapine Treatment in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.CNS drugs · 2022Guideline
- Efficacy and Safety of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine for Antipsychotic-Related Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic-related constipation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Effects of Clozapine on the Gut: Cross-Sectional Study of Delayed Gastric Emptying and Small and Large Intestinal Dysmotility.CNS drugs · 2019Trial
- Severe antipsychotic-associated gastrointestinal hypomotility: AMSP pharmacovigilance data from 333,175 psychiatric inpatients.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Review
- "Intranasal clozapine sol-gel formulation induces an antipsychotic effect at a fraction of a comparable oral therapeutic dose".Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Clozapine disrupts the gut-lung microbiota axis, linking gastrointestinal hypomotility to increased respiratory vulnerability.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Clinical hallmarks and peripheral immune factors associated with antipsychotic-induced constipation in schizophrenia.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Constipation and Psychiatric Disorders: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026Article
- Analysis of clozapine prescribing in the over-65s: 5-year retrospective study.BJPsych bulletin · 2025Article
- Management of Constipation in Eating Disorders-A Scoping Review.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Article
- Clozapine-induced gastrointestinal hypomotility: UK pharmacovigilance reports, 2018-2022.BJPsych open · 2025Article
- A clinical decision support alert to promote timely laxative use in in-patients prescribed clozapine.BJPsych open · 2025Article
- The association between benzodiazepine prescriptions and the risk of laxative use in schizophrenia treatment.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Article
- Off-label Prescribing of Clozapine and Safety.Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- Causal relationship between major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and constipation: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Improving the Monitoring and Management of Clozapine-Induced Gastrointestinal Hypomotility (CIGH) in Community Mental Health Services: A Quality Improvement Approach.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Clozapine-associated adverse drug reactions in 38,349 psychiatric inpatients: drug surveillance data from the AMSP project between 1993 and 2016.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Observational
- Characteristics of constipation screening and assessment tools: a scoping review protocol.BMJ open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Constipation is a frequently overlooked side effect of clozapine treatment that can prove fatal. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for clozapine-associated constipation. Two authors performed a systematic search of major electronic databases from January 1990 to March 2016 for articles reporting the prevalence of constipation in adults treated with clozapine. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted. A total of 32 studies were meta-analyzed, establishing a pooled prevalence of clozapine-associated constipation of 31.2% (95% CI: 25.6-37.4) (n = 2013). People taking clozapine were significantly more likely to be constipated versus other antipsychotics (OR 3.02 (CI: 1.91-4.77), p < 0.001, n = 11 studies). Meta-regression identified two significant study-level factors associated with constipation prevalence: significantly higher (p = 0.02) rates of constipation were observed for those treated in inpatient versus outpatient or mixed settings and for those studies in which constipation was a primary or secondary outcome measure (36.9%) compared to studies in which constipation was not a specified outcome measure (24.8%, p = 0.048). Clozapine-associated constipation is common and approximately three times more likely than with other antipsychotics. Screening and preventative strategies should be established and appropriate symptomatic treatment applied when required.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.