ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2016
Disparity in Breast Cancer Late Stage at Diagnosis in Missouri: Does Rural Versus Urban Residence Matter?
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breast cancer screening and early diagnosis in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis on 10.72 million women.BMC women's health · 2024Pooled it
- Multiple sclerosis patients' journey delay in diagnosis and treatment: a multicenter study.BMC neurology · 2025Observational
- Stage at Diagnosis for Common Cancers according to Rurality, Area Deprivation, and Insurance, 2017 to 2021.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Reasons behind the Delayed Diagnosis of Testicular Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Exploring the intersectionality of race/ethnicity with rurality on breast cancer outcomes: SEER analysis, 2000-2016.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2023Article
- Reduced racial disparity in receipt of optimal locoregional treatment for women with early-stage breast cancer.PloS one · 2023Article
- Impact of socioeconomic status and rurality on cancer-specific survival among women with de novo metastatic breast cancer by race/ethnicity.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2022Article
- Perspectives of cancer prevention and control resources from stakeholders in rural southern Illinois.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2022Article
- The Black Panther, Masculinity Barriers to Medical Care, and Colorectal Cancer Screening Intention Among Unscreened American Indian/Alaska Native, Black, and White Men.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Breast Cancer Disparities and the Impact of Geography.Surgical oncology clinics of North America · 2022Review
- Association between Neighborhood Social Deprivation and Stage at Diagnosis among Breast Cancer Patients in South Carolina.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- A framework for personalized mammogram screening.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- Changes in Disparities in Stage of Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Pennsylvania After the Affordable Care Act.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2021Article
- A multilevel assessment of the social determinants associated with the late stage diagnosis of breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Breast Cancer Mortality Hot Spots Among Black Women With de Novo Metastatic Breast Cancer.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2021Article
- Social Determinants of Racial Disparities in Breast Cancer Mortality Among Black and White Women.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2021Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in 21-gene recurrence scores, chemotherapy, and survival among women with hormone receptor-positive, node-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2020Article
- Article
- Attendance at National Cancer Institute and Children's Oncology Group Facilities for Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Cancer in Pennsylvania: A Population-Based Study.Journal of adolescent and young adult oncology · 2020Article
- Breast Cancer in San Francisco: Disentangling Disparities at the Neighborhood Level.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionDespite the fact that black women have a lower incidence of breast cancer compared to white women, black women experience higher death rates than any other group. We examined the stage of breast cancer presentation by race and geographic region using population-based breast cancer incidence in all 115 counties in the state of Missouri.
methodsWe used 2003-2008 breast cancer incidence data from Missouri Cancer Registry and Research Center. County of residence was categorized as urban or rural using the rural-urban continuum code. We computed the conditional proportion of stage at diagnosis by race and metropolitan status and also used Pearson's chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction to determine statistical significance of association.
resultsResults of the study indicate that a greater proportion of black women (38.8 %) compared to white women (30.2 %) were diagnosed with more advanced breast metastasis. Our results further suggest that stage at diagnosis depended on county of residence or metropolitan status (p = .04). Women living in non-metropolitan counties were slightly more likely to have late-stage breast cancer than their metropolitan counterparts (32.0 vs 30.7 %). Overall, black women had 1.5-fold increased odds of late-stage breast cancer diagnosis compared to their white counterparts (OR = 1.50; 95 % CI, 1.39, 1.63; p < 0.0001). While the odds of late diagnosis among women living in non-metropolitan or rural counties was over 11 % higher compared with their metropolitan or urban counterpart.
conclusionThe current study corroborates previous findings that the risk of late-stage breast cancer diagnosis was higher among women residing in non-metropolitan rural counties.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.