ArticlePsychological methods2017
A more general model for testing measurement invariance and differential item functioning.
Article in Psychological methods, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Treatment for co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders among veterans and civilians: A test of causally moderated comparative effectiveness.Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy · 2026Pooled it
- Cannabis use and trauma-focused treatment for co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders: A meta-analysis of individual patient data.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Project Harmony: A Meta-Analysis With Individual Patient Data on Behavioral and Pharmacologic Trials for Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress and Alcohol or Other Drug Use Disorders.The American journal of psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Meta-analytic structural equation modeling made easy: A tutorial and web application for one-stage MASEM.Research synthesis methods · 2021Pooled it
- Invariance of the Construct of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review.Journal of traumatic stress · 2019Pooled it
- Addressing Methodological Challenges in Follow-Up RCTs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact of the Good Behavior Game and MyTeachingPartner™ on Teacher Burnout and Self-Efficacy.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026Trial
- Beyond Jacobson and Truax: Estimation of Clinical Significance Trajectories in the Coping Power Intervention Using Measurement Error-Corrected Multilevel Modeling.Behavior therapy · 2025Trial
- Project Harmony 2.0: protocol for an updated and expanded individual patient data meta-analysis and virtual clinical trial of treatments for comorbid PTSD and substance use disorders.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Impaired but now diagnosable: Combining analytic frameworks for incorporating symptom weighting in the classification of full-threshold and subthreshold posttraumatic stress disorder.Journal of traumatic stress · 2026Article
- Measurement invariance in the Youth Electronic Cigarette Outcome Expectancies Questionnaire across sex and race/ethnicity in pre- to early adolescence.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Assessing measurement bias in substance use disorder criteria associated with childhood adversity and genetic liability.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2026Article
- Comparative effectiveness of social-contextual treatments for improving substance-related problems among Black adults: An individual-level data synthesis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Person-environment transaction underlying personality development in middle and late adulthood.Developmental psychology · 2026Article
- A multi-study validation of the Turkish Early Social Cognition Inventory (T-ESCI) in infants and toddlers.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of PROMIS-29 in patients receiving kidney replacement therapy.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Article
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- Normative cognitive data and psychometric validation of the 10/66 harmonized assessment protocol in Latin American.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Evaluating differences in latent means across studies: Extending meta-analytic confirmatory factor analysis with the analysis of means.Research synthesis methods · 2026Article
- Anti-Asian Racism: Developing a Brief, Reliable, and Valid Measure.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Editorial: introduction to the special issue "methodological challenges of complex latent mediator and moderator models".Behavior research methods · 2026Article
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Abstract
The evaluation of measurement invariance is an important step in establishing the validity and comparability of measurements across individuals. Most commonly, measurement invariance has been examined using 1 of 2 primary latent variable modeling approaches: the multiple groups model or the multiple-indicator multiple-cause (MIMIC) model. Both approaches offer opportunities to detect differential item functioning within multi-item scales, and thereby to test measurement invariance, but both approaches also have significant limitations. The multiple groups model allows 1 to examine the invariance of all model parameters but only across levels of a single categorical individual difference variable (e.g., ethnicity). In contrast, the MIMIC model permits both categorical and continuous individual difference variables (e.g., sex and age) but permits only a subset of the model parameters to vary as a function of these characteristics. The current article argues that moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA) constitutes an alternative, more flexible model for evaluating measurement invariance and differential item functioning. We show that the MNLFA subsumes and combines the strengths of the multiple group and MIMIC models, allowing for a full and simultaneous assessment of measurement invariance and differential item functioning across multiple categorical and/or continuous individual difference variables. The relationships between the MNLFA model and the multiple groups and MIMIC models are shown mathematically and via an empirical demonstration. (PsycINFO Database Record
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