Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27264248›Full record

ReviewNeurobiology of learning and memory2016

The role of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in fear and extinction memory.

Dayan Knox

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Neurobiology of learning and memory, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Infralimbic Projections to the Substantia Innominata-Ventral Pallidum Constrain Defensive Behavior during Extinction Learning.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Histamine HNature communications · 2024
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Advances in the study of cholinergic circuits in the central nervous system.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2023
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Basal forebrain cholinergic signaling in the basolateral amygdala promotes strength and durability of fear memories.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Dayan KnoxDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States. Electronic address: dknox@psych.udel.edu.
University of Delaware · US

Funding

Updated confocal microscope in the Imaging Core facility to support biomedical researchP20GM103653 · NIGMS · DELAWARE STATE UNIVERSITY · PI HARRINGTON, MELISSA A · 2012 to 2022
$22.7M
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY AND ANXIOGENESISR01HL054428 · NHLBI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI BERNTSON, GARY G. · 1995 to 2002
$534k
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL054428NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM103653
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cholinergic input to the neocortex, dorsal hippocampus (dHipp), and basolateral amygdala (BLA) is critical for neural function and synaptic plasticity in these brain regions. Synaptic plasticity in the neocortex, dHipp, ventral Hipp (vHipp), and BLA has also been implicated in fear and extinction memory. This finding raises the possibility that basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons, the predominant source of acetylcholine in these brain regions, have an important role in mediating fear and extinction memory. While empirical studies support this hypothesis, there are interesting inconsistencies among these studies that raise questions about how best to define the role of BF cholinergic neurons in fear and extinction memory. Nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) cholinergic neurons that project to the BLA are critical for fear memory and contextual fear extinction memory. NBM cholinergic neurons that project to the neocortex are critical for cued and contextual fear conditioned suppression, but are not critical for fear memory in other behavioral paradigms and in the inhibitory avoidance paradigm may even inhibit contextual fear memory formation. Medial septum and diagonal band of Broca cholinergic neurons are critical for contextual fear memory and acquisition of cued fear extinction. Thus, even though the results of previous studies suggest BF cholinergic neurons modulate fear and extinction memory, inconsistent findings among these studies necessitates more research to better define the neural circuits and molecular processes through which BF cholinergic neurons modulate fear and extinction memory. Furthermore, studies determining if BF cholinergic neurons can be manipulated in such a manner so as to treat excessive fear in anxiety disorders are needed.

Indexed as

AnimalsBasal ForebrainBasal Nucleus of MeynertBasolateral Nuclear ComplexCholinergic NeuronsConditioning, ClassicalExtinction, PsychologicalFearHumansMental RecallContextual conditioningExtinction recallFear conditioningFear extinctionInhibitory avoidanceMagnocellularNucleus basalis

Identifiers

PMID27264248
PMCPMC4987180
OpenAlexW2410167174

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.