ArticleInfection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases2016
The global spread of HIV-1 subtype B epidemic.
Article in Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tracing the patterns of HIV-1 transmission among people with different diagnosis status in Greece.Virus research · 2026Article
- Phylogenetics and molecular evolution to understand and curb the HIV pandemic.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Integrative Computational Approaches for Understanding Drug Resistance in HIV-1 Protease Subtype C.Viruses · 2025Review
- Article
- The origin and dissemination of HIV-1 subtype B on Hainan Island, South China, 2007-2024.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Historical and theoretical roots of the big events framework.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- Sociopolitical Diagnostic Tools to Understand National and Local Response Capabilities and Vulnerabilities to Epidemics and Guide Research into How to Improve the Global Response to Pathogens.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Exploring the Influence of Social Capital on HIV Prevention with Migrants from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Living in Durban, South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Effects of HIV Infection on Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women Attending Antenatal Care in Referral Hospitals of the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study.International journal of women's health · 2022Article
- Residues TRetrovirology · 2021Article
- HIV in pregnancy - An update.European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · 2021Article
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- Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Phylodynamics to Detect and Characterize Active Transmission Clusters in North Carolina.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Article
- The Impact of Human Mobility on Regional and Global Efforts to Control HIV Transmission.Viruses · 2020Article
- Phylogenetics applied to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1): from the cross-species transmissions to the contact network inferences.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2020Article
- HCV Phylogeography of the General Population and High-Risk Groups in Cyprus Identifies the Island as a Global Sink for and Source of Infection.Scientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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50 authors.
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was discovered in the early 1980s when the virus had already established a pandemic. For at least three decades the epidemic in the Western World has been dominated by subtype B infections, as part of a sub-epidemic that traveled from Africa through Haiti to United States. However, the pattern of the subsequent spread still remains poorly understood. Here we analyze a large dataset of globally representative HIV-1 subtype B strains to map their spread around the world over the last 50years and describe significant spread patterns. We show that subtype B travelled from North America to Western Europe in different occasions, while Central/Eastern Europe remained isolated for the most part of the early epidemic. Looking with more detail in European countries we see that the United Kingdom, France and Switzerland exchanged viral isolates with non-European countries than with European ones. The observed pattern is likely to mirror geopolitical landmarks in the post-World War II era, namely the rise and the fall of the Iron Curtain and the European colonialism. In conclusion, HIV-1 spread through specific migration routes which are consistent with geopolitical factors that affected human activities during the last 50years, such as migration, tourism and trade. Our findings support the argument that epidemic control policies should be global and incorporate political and socioeconomic factors.
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