Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27261926›Full record

ArticleDevelopmental cognitive neuroscience2016

Mu desynchronization during observation and execution of facial expressions in 30-month-old children.

Holly Rayson, James John Bonaiuto, Pier Francesco Ferrari, Lynne Murray

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Developmental cognitive neuroscience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Facial palsy reveals the sensorimotor contribution to facial-emotion recognition.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  14. Altering Facial Movements Abolishes Neural Mirroring of Facial Expressions.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Holly RaysonSchool of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom. Electronic address: h.rayson@pgr.reading.ac.uk.
James John BonaiutoSobell Department for Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London, United Kingdom.
Pier Francesco FerrariDipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy.
Lynne MurraySchool of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/J003980/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Simulation theories propose that observing another's facial expression activates sensorimotor representations involved in the execution of that expression, facilitating recognition processes. The mirror neuron system (MNS) is a potential mechanism underlying simulation of facial expressions, with like neural processes activated both during observation and performance. Research with monkeys and adult humans supports this proposal, but so far there have been no investigations of facial MNS activity early in human development. The current study used electroencephalography (EEG) to explore mu rhythm desynchronization, an index of MNS activity, in 30-month-old children as they observed videos of dynamic emotional and non-emotional facial expressions, as well as scrambled versions of the same videos. We found significant mu desynchronization in central regions during observation and execution of both emotional and non-emotional facial expressions, which was right-lateralized for emotional and bilateral for non-emotional expressions during observation. These findings support previous research suggesting movement simulation during observation of facial expressions, and are the first to provide evidence for sensorimotor activation during observation of facial expressions, consistent with a functioning facial MNS at an early stage of human development.

Indexed as

Facial ExpressionBrain MappingBrain WavesChild, PreschoolElectroencephalographyEmotionsFemaleHumansMaleMirror NeuronsPhotic StimulationVisual PerceptionDevelopmentElectroencephalographyEmotionFacial expressionMirror neuron systemMu rhythm

Identifiers

PMID27261926
PMCPMC4913557

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.