ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2016
Proportion of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Cases Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis: Consistent Picture From Different Methods.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recommendation on screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in primary care for individuals not known to be at high risk.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2021Guideline
- Screening for chlamydia and/or gonorrhea in primary health care: systematic reviews on effectiveness and patient preferences.Systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- An agent-based platform for simulating the impact of chlamydia vaccine in the US population.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Beyond Inflammation: A Comprehensive Outlook on the Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Limited Role ofObstetrics and gynecology international · 2026Article
- Long-Term Dynamics of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Attributable toInternational journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Causal Relationship Between Endometriosis and Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases: Mendelian Randomization Study.International journal of women's health · 2024Article
- Interleukin-10 Gene Polymorphisms Modulate the Risk of Infertility inReports of biochemistry & molecular biology · 2024Article
- Quercetin of huoxuehuayu tongluo decoction and azithromycin combination therapy effectively improves rat tubal factor infertility by inhibiting inflammation.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2024Article
- Management of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Clinical Practice.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2023Review
- An in silico analysis of rpoB mutations to affect Chlamydia trachomatis sensitivity to rifamycin.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2022Article
- What Can Serology Tell Us About the Burden of Infertility in Women Caused by Chlamydia?The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Review
- Bacterial Vaginosis and Behavioral Factors Associated With Incident Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in the Longitudinal Study of Vaginal Flora.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- A primary Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection of rhesus macaques identifies new immunodominant B-cell antigens.PloS one · 2021Article
- Nonoptimal Vaginal Microbiota After Azithromycin Treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Screening for chlamydia and/or gonorrhea in primary health care: protocol for systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a leading cause of both tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Chlamydia trachomatis is an important risk factor for PID, but the proportion of PID cases caused by C. trachomatis is unclear. Estimates of this are required to evaluate control measures.
methodsWe consider 5 separate methods of estimating age-group-specific population excess fractions (PEFs) of PID due to C. trachomatis, using routine data, surveys, case-control studies, and randomized controlled trials, and apply these to data from the United Kingdom before introduction of the National Chlamydia Screening Programme.
resultsAs they are informed by randomized comparisons and national exposure and outcome estimates, our preferred estimates of the proportion of PID cases caused by C. trachomatis are 35% (95% credible interval [CrI], 11%-69%) in women aged 16-24 years and 20% (95% CrI, 6%-38%) in women aged 16-44 years in the United Kingdom. There is a fair degree of consistency between adjusted estimates of PEF, but all have wide 95% CrIs. The PEF decreases from 53.5% (95% CrI, 15.6%-100%) in women aged 16-19 years to 11.5% (95% CrI, 3.0%-25.7%) in women aged 35-44 years.
conclusionsThe PEFs of PID due to C. trachomatis decline steeply with age by a factor of around 5-fold between younger and older women. Further studies of the etiology of PID in different age groups are required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.