Trial reportContraception2016
Assessment of the vaginal residence time of biomarkers of semen exposure.
Trial report in Contraception, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Transient association between semen exposure and biomarkers of genital inflammation in South African women at risk of HIV infection.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Trial
- Evaluating novel and conventional cell-separation techniques for sexual assault investigations.Journal of forensic sciences · 2025Article
- Condomless sexual encounters among female sex workers included in a longitudinal coital diary study in Zimbabwe.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Semen: A modulator of female genital tract inflammation and a vector for HIV-1 transmission.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2021Review
- The Impact of Semen Exposure on the Immune and Microbial Environments of the Female Genital Tract.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2020Article
- Daily Vaginal Swabs and Mobile Phone Sex Report for Assessing HIV Virion Exposure Prospectively Among a Cohort of Young Sexually Active Women in South Africa (HVTN 915).Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Biological Validation of Self-Reported Unprotected Sex and Comparison of Underreporting Over Two Different Recall Periods Among Female Sex Workers in Benin.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Observational
- Development and clinical assessment of new objective adherence markers for four microbicide delivery systems used in HIV prevention studies.Clinical and translational medicine · 2018Article
- Higher sequence diversity in the vaginal tract than in blood at early HIV-1 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Y Chromosome DNA in Women's Vaginal Samples as a Biomarker of Recent Vaginal Sex and Condom Use With Male Partners in the HPV Infection and Transmission Among Couples Through Heterosexual Activity Cohort Study.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2018Observational
- Prostate-specific antigen concentration in vaginal fluid after exposure to semen.Contraception · 2017Article
- A longitudinal analysis of the vaginal microbiota and vaginal immune mediators in women from sub-Saharan Africa.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe primary objective of this pilot study is to determine and compare the residence time in the vagina of biomarkers of semen exposure for up to 15 days post exposure. The biomarkers are prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Y chromosome DNA, the sex determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY) and testis-specific protein Y-encoded 4 (TSPY4). The secondary objectives are to determine if biomarker concentrations differed between intercourse and inoculation groups, to establish whether the sampling frequency post exposure affected biomarker concentrations and decay profile and to determine if biomarker concentrations in vaginal swabs obtained by the participant at home were similar to swabs obtained by the nurse in the clinic. STUDY
designWe randomized healthy women to unprotected intercourse (n=17) versus vaginal inoculation with the male partner's semen in the clinic (n=16). Women were then further randomized to have vaginal swabs obtained at either 7 or 4 time points after semen exposure, up to 15 days post exposure, either obtained at home by the participant or in the clinic by the research nurse.
resultsPSA and SRY were markers of recent semen exposure. TSPY4 was detectable in approximately 50% of participants at 15 days post exposure. Unprotected intercourse resulted in significantly higher concentrations of select biomarkers. Sampling frequency and home versus clinic sampling had no significant effect on biomarker concentrations.
conclusionsObjective biomarkers of recent or distant semen exposure may have great utility for verifying protocol compliance in a variety of clinical trials.
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