Observational studyMedicine2016
Racial Disparities in Treatment Rates for Chronic Hepatitis C: Analysis of a Population-Based Cohort of 73,665 Patients in the United States.
Observational study in Medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global and regional long-term survival following resection for HCC in the recent decade: A meta-analysis of 110 studies.Hepatology communications · 2022Pooled it
- Regional differences in treatment rates for patients with chronic hepatitis C infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Racial and Ethnic differences in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection Prevalence and Mortality Among Inpatients with Coronary Artery Disease in the United States, 2016 to 2021.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Observational
- Real World Performance of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Score Across Different Races and Ethnicities.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Challenges in coverage of future hepatitis C vaccines: Review and potential solutions.Vaccine · 2025Review
- A Summary of the HCC-CARE Symposium: Collaborative Approaches to Reaching Equity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Boston by 2030.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2025Article
- Race, Healthcare, and Health Disparities: A Critical Review and Recommendations for Advancing Health Equity.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- Understanding the Changing Landscape of Health Disparities in Chronic Liver Diseases and Liver Cancer.Gastro hep advances · 2023Article
- Characteristics and Treatment Rate of Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the Direct-Acting Antiviral Era and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- The role of stereotypical information on medical judgements for black and white patients.PloS one · 2022Article
- Barriers to the Treatment of Hepatitis C among Predominantly African American Patients Seeking Care in an Urban Teaching Hospital in Washington, D.C.Journal of the National Medical Association · 2021Article
- Hepatitis C Virus Testing Among Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Who Have Sex With Men: Temporal Trends and Racial/Ethnic Disparities.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Association of State Medicaid Expansion With Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Liver Transplant Wait-listing in the United States.JAMA network open · 2020Article
- Late presenters among minority patients with chronic hepatitis C infection in the USA.International journal of public health · 2020Article
- The U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) as a model for stronger public health infrastructure to combat HCV and other infectious diseases and reduce disparities.EClinicalMedicine · 2020Article
- Hepatitis C Virus Prevalence in 50 U.S. States and D.C. by Sex, Birth Cohort, and Race: 2013-2016.Hepatology communications · 2020Article
- Evaluating the promise of inclusion of African ancestry populations in genomics.NPJ genomic medicine · 2020Review
- Race and Hepatitis C Care Continuum in an Underserved Birth Cohort.Journal of general internal medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) disproportionately affects racial minorities in the United States (US). Although prior studies have reported lower treatment rates in Blacks than in Caucasians, the rates of other minorities remain understudied. We aimed to examine antiviral treatment rates by race and to evaluate the effect of other demographic, medical, and psychiatric factors on treatment rates. We performed a population-based study of adult CHC patients identified via ICD-9CM query from OptumInsight's Data Mart from January 2009 to December 2013. Antiviral treatment was defined by pharmaceutical claims for interferon and/or pegylated-interferon. A total of 73,665 insured patients were included: 51,282 Caucasians, 10,493 Blacks, 8679 Hispanics, and 3211 Asians. Caucasians had the highest treatment rate (10.7%) followed by Blacks (8.8%), Hispanics (8.8%), and Asians (7.9%, P < .001). Hispanics had the highest cirrhosis rates compared with Caucasians, Blacks, and Asians (20.7% vs 18.3%, 17.1%, and 14.3%, respectively). Caucasians were the most likely to have a psychiatric comorbidity (20.1%) and Blacks the most likely to have a medical comorbidity (44%). Asians were the least likely to have a psychiatric (6.4%) or medical comorbidity (26.9%). On multivariate analysis, racial minority was a significant predictor of nontreatment with odds ratios of 0.82 [confidence interval (CI): 0.74-0.90] for Blacks, 0.87 (CI: 0.78-0.96) for Hispanics, and 0.73 (CI: 0.62-0.86) for Asians versus Caucasians. Racial minorities had lower treatment rates than Caucasians. Despite fewer medical and psychiatric comorbidities and higher incomes and educational levels, Asians had the lowest treatment rates. Hispanics also had lower treatment rates than Caucasians despite having higher rates of cirrhosis. Future studies should aim to identify underlying racial-related barriers to hepatitis C virus treatment besides socioeconomic status and medical or psychiatric comorbidities.
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