SynthesisEuropean journal of endocrinology2016
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Imaging for the diagnosis of malignancy in incidentally discovered adrenal masses: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European journal of endocrinology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 218 citations in OpenAlex.
- Three-dimensional image guidance for diagnosis and treatment of adrenal disease: a systematic review.Updates in surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Recommendations for the management of adrenal incidentalomas: what is pertinent for radiologists?The British journal of radiology · 2017Guideline
- Primary Hyperaldosteronism as a Cause of Resistant Hypertension: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Is adrenal adenoma to carcinoma transformation possible?-Illustrative cases and literature review.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Article
- Pitfalls of Adrenal Washout on CT in the Adult Population: A Pictorial Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- [Modern trends in the radiological diagnostics of adrenal tumors].Problemy endokrinologii · 2026Article
- Reliability of CT attenuation value for adrenal masses.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- Secondary bilateral adrenal Burkitt lymphoma with hepatic and renal involvement in a 17-year-old patient: A rare case report and literature review.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Natural history of large adrenal tumors.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Adrenal Incidentaloma: From Silent Diagnosis to Clinical Challenge.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Bimodal Genomic Approach Predicting Semaphorin 7A (SEMA7A) as Prognostic Biomarker in Adrenocortical Carcinoma.Cancers · 2025Article
- Bimodal genomic approach predicting Semaphorin 7A (SEMA7A) as prognostic biomarker in adrenocortical carcinoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Adrenocortical carcinoma classified as benign: the limitations of washout values.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports · 2025Article
- Review
- [18Endocrine · 2025Article
- Recent Development of CXCR4-Targeted Nuclear Medicine Research in Adrenocortical Tumors.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Diagnosis and management of adrenal incidentaloma: use of clinical judgment and evidence in dialog with the patient.Surgery today · 2024Review
- Prognostic Analysis of 131I Efficacy After Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Surgery Based on CT Radiomics.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Current perspectives on the diversification of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and biopsy.Journal of medical ultrasonics (2001) · 2024Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAdrenal masses are incidentally discovered in 5% of CT scans. In 2013/2014, 81 million CT examinations were undertaken in the USA and 5 million in the UK. However, uncertainty remains around the optimal imaging approach for diagnosing malignancy. We aimed to review the evidence on the accuracy of imaging tests for differentiating malignant from benign adrenal masses.
designA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted.
methodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials, Science Citation Index, Conference Proceedings Citation Index, and ZETOC (January 1990 to August 2015). We included studies evaluating the accuracy of CT, MRI, or (18)F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG)-PET compared with an adequate histological or imaging-based follow-up reference standard.
resultsWe identified 37 studies suitable for inclusion, after screening 5469 references and 525 full-text articles. Studies evaluated the accuracy of CT (n=16), MRI (n=15), and FDG-PET (n=9) and were generally small and at high or unclear risk of bias. Only 19 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Limited data suggest that CT density >10HU has high sensitivity for detection of adrenal malignancy in participants with no prior indication for adrenal imaging, that is, masses with ≤10HU are unlikely to be malignant. All other estimates of test performance are based on too small numbers.
conclusionsDespite their widespread use in routine assessment, there is insufficient evidence for the diagnostic value of individual imaging tests in distinguishing benign from malignant adrenal masses. Future research is urgently needed and should include prospective test validation studies for imaging and novel diagnostic approaches alongside detailed health economics analysis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.