Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27257106›Full record

ArticleNature communications2016

A two-neuron system for adaptive goal-directed decision-making in Lymnaea.

Michael Crossley, Kevin Staras, György Kemenes

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Functional mapping of the molluscan brain guided by synchrotron X-ray tomography.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
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  5. To eat or not to eat: a Garcia effect in pond snails (Lymnaea stagnalis).Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2021
    Article
  6. Article
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  9. Use of theJournal of neurophysiology · 2017
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Satiation level affects anti-predatory decisions in foraging juvenile crayfish.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2017
    Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Michael CrossleySussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, 1 Lewes Road, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
Kevin StarasSussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, 1 Lewes Road, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
György KemenesSussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, 1 Lewes Road, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
University of Sussex · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During goal-directed decision-making, animals must integrate information from the external environment and their internal state to maximize resource localization while minimizing energy expenditure. How this complex problem is solved by the nervous system remains poorly understood. Here, using a combined behavioural and neurophysiological approach, we demonstrate that the mollusc Lymnaea performs a sophisticated form of decision-making during food-searching behaviour, using a core system consisting of just two neuron types. The first reports the presence of food and the second encodes motivational state acting as a gain controller for adaptive behaviour in the absence of food. Using an in vitro analogue of the decision-making process, we show that the system employs an energy management strategy, switching between a low- and high-use mode depending on the outcome of the decision. Our study reveals a parsimonious mechanism that drives a complex decision-making process via regulation of levels of tonic inhibition and phasic excitation.

Indexed as

AnimalsAppetitive BehaviorDecision MakingFeeding BehaviorGoalsIn Vitro TechniquesLymnaeaMotivationNeural InhibitionNeurons

Identifiers

PMID27257106
PMCPMC4895806
OpenAlexW2419391387

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.