Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27256883›Full record

ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2016

C2c2 is a single-component programmable RNA-guided RNA-targeting CRISPR effector.

Omar O Abudayyeh, Jonathan S Gootenberg, Silvana Konermann, Julia Joung, Ian M Slaymaker, David B T Cox, Sergey Shmakov, Kira S Makarova, Ekaterina Semenova, Leonid Minakhin and 5 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,146 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,146citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
88.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,146 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,317 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. CRISPR/Cas Systems: Biological Basis and Genome Editing Applications.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027
    Review
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  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
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  14. Cap-Independent Translation Regulation of VEGF Using CRISPR-dCas13d.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

1,086 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.

Omar O AbudayyehDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Departments of Brain and Cognitive Science and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Jonathan S GootenbergBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Departments of Brain and Cognitive Science and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Silvana KonermannBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Departments of Brain and Cognitive Science and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Julia JoungBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Departments of Brain and Cognitive Science and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Ian M SlaymakerBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Departments of Brain and Cognitive Science and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
David B T CoxDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Departments of Brain and Cognitive Science and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Sergey ShmakovSkolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025, Russia. National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Kira S MakarovaNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Ekaterina SemenovaWaksman Institute for Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Leonid MinakhinWaksman Institute for Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Konstantin SeverinovSkolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025, Russia. Waksman Institute for Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
Aviv RegevBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Eric S LanderBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Eugene V KooninNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. zhang@broadinstitute.org koonin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Feng ZhangDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Departments of Brain and Cognitive Science and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. zhang@broadinstitute.org koonin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology · USNational Center for Biotechnology Information · USHarvard University · USMcGovern Institute for Brain Research · USRutgers, The State University of New Jersey · USBroad Institute · USInstitute of Molecular Genetics · RU

Funding

VIRUS PRODUCTION COREP30CA014051 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI MATTHEW G. VANDER HEIDEN · 1985 to 2026
$93.9M
Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM007753 · NIGMS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI WALENSKY, LOREN DAVID · 1985 to 2021
$50.0M
Center for Cell CircuitsRM1HG006193 · NHGRI · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI BLAINEY, PAUL CLARK, HACOHEN, NIR · 2016 to 2020
$14.9M
Finding Protein Sequence Motifs--Methods And ApplicationsZIALM000061 · NLM · NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE · PI KOONIN, EUGENE V · 2009 to 2025
$10.6M
Massively-parallel functional interrogation of psychiatric geneticsR01MH110049 · NIMH · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI ZHANG, FENG · 2015 to 2019
$5.5M
Probing Neuropsychiatric Diseases Using Targeted Epigenome and Genome EngineeringDP1MH100706 · NIMH · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI ZHANG, FENG · 2012 to 2016
$4.3M
Characterization of a novel RNA-guided endoRNAse and applications towards genome-wide screening for non-coding RNA roles in melanoma resistanceF30CA210382 · NCI · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI ABUDAYYEH, OMAR O · 2016 to 2018
$78k
Intramural NIH HHSNCCDPHP CDC HHS 5DP1-MH100706NCI NIH HHS F30 CA210382NCI NIH HHS P30 CA014051NHGRI NIH HHS RM1 HG006193NIGMS NIH HHS GM10407NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007753NIGMS NIH HHS T32GM007753NIMH NIH HHS 1R01-MH110049NIMH NIH HHS DP1 MH100706NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH110049
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated genes (Cas) adaptive immune system defends microbes against foreign genetic elements via DNA or RNA-DNA interference. We characterize the class 2 type VI CRISPR-Cas effector C2c2 and demonstrate its RNA-guided ribonuclease function. C2c2 from the bacterium Leptotrichia shahii provides interference against RNA phage. In vitro biochemical analysis shows that C2c2 is guided by a single CRISPR RNA and can be programmed to cleave single-stranded RNA targets carrying complementary protospacers. In bacteria, C2c2 can be programmed to knock down specific mRNAs. Cleavage is mediated by catalytic residues in the two conserved Higher Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes Nucleotide-binding (HEPN) domains, mutations of which generate catalytically inactive RNA-binding proteins. These results broaden our understanding of CRISPR-Cas systems and suggest that C2c2 can be used to develop new RNA-targeting tools.

Indexed as

CRISPR-Cas SystemsAdaptive ImmunityBacterial ProteinsBase SequenceClustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsEndoribonucleasesEscherichia coliGene Knockdown TechniquesGenetic LociLeptotrichiaLevivirusMolecular Sequence DataProtein Structure, TertiaryRNA CleavageRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas SystemsBacterial ProteinsEndoribonucleasesRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems

Identifiers

PMID27256883
PMCPMC5127784
OpenAlexW2409671300

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.