ArticleNeuropharmacology2016
Inhaled delivery of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to rats by e-cigarette vapor technology.
Article in Neuropharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of cannabinoid 1 receptor compounds on memory: a meta-analysis and systematic review across species.Psychopharmacology · 2019Pooled it
- Preclinical models of COPD: a state of the art review.The European respiratory journal · 2026Review
- Increased encoding of aversive stimuli by lateral habenula neurons during ΔNature communications · 2026Article
- Development of a nose-poke restricted vaporized cocaine self-administration model in mice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Innovative Methods for Prenatal Cannabis Exposure: Vapor Inhalation Chamber and Metabolite Quantification in Prairie Voles and Rats.Developmental psychobiology · 2026Article
- Neurobehavioral Effects of "Dry Hit" Nicotine E-Cigarette Vapor Inhalation in Adolescent Wistar Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Acute and chronic cannabis vapor exposure produces immediate and delayed impacts on phases of fear learning in a sex specific manner.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- THC induced similar physiological effects on HIV transgenic rats and their controls without affecting HIV-induced deficits in effortful motivation.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol for Pain: Preclinical and Clinical Models.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- Pharmacotherapy for Cannabis Use Disorder: Preclinical and Clinical Models.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- Divergent outcomes of delta 9 - tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in adolescence on mesocortical dopamine and cognitive development in male and female mice.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Assessment of the associative determinants of tolerance to the effects of cannabis extract on exploratory behavior in rats.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Phytocannabinoids restore seizure-induced alterations in emotional behaviour in male rats.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Assessment of pharmacological effects and abuse potential of 5F-EDMB-PICA, CUMYL-PEGACLONE, and NM-2201 in mice.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Proteomic Profile of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in the Brain after Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Inhalation.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Effects of prenatal THC vapor exposure on body weight, glucose metabolism, and feeding behaviors in chow and high-fat diet fed rats.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Article
- Effect of chronic vapor nicotine exposure on affective and cognitive behavior in male mice.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Adult consequences of repeated nicotine and ΔPsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Hyperactivity Induced By Vapor Inhalation of Nicotine in Male and Female Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Rats chasing the dragon: A new heroin inhalation method.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2024Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most human Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) use is via inhalation, and yet few animal studies of inhalation exposure are available. Popularization of non-combusted methods for the inhalation of psychoactive drugs (Volcano(®), e-cigarettes) further stimulates a need for rodent models of this route of administration. This study was designed to develop and validate a rodent chamber suitable for controlled exposure to vaporized THC in a propylene glycol vehicle, using an e-cigarette delivery system adapted to standard size, sealed rat housing chambers. The in vivo efficacy of inhaled THC was validated using radiotelemetry to assess body temperature and locomotor responses, a tail-flick assay for nociception and plasma analysis to verify exposure levels. Hypothermic responses to inhaled THC in male rats depended on the duration of exposure and the concentration of THC in the vehicle. The temperature nadir was reached after ∼40 min of exposure, was of comparable magnitude (∼3 °Celsius) to that produced by 20 mg/kg THC, i.p. and resolved within 3 h (compared with a 6 h time course following i.p. THC). Female rats were more sensitive to hypothermic effects of 30 min of lower-dose THC inhalation. Male rat tail-flick latency was increased by THC vapor inhalation; this effect was blocked by SR141716 pretreatment. The plasma THC concentration after 30 min of inhalation was similar to that produced by 10 mg/kg THC i.p. This approach is flexible, robust and effective for use in laboratory rats and will be of increasing utility as users continue to adopt "vaping" for the administration of cannabis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.