ArticleEuropean journal of epidemiology2016
Oral glucocorticoid therapy and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in European journal of epidemiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mortality risk and causes of death in exogenous Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- European Society of Endocrinology and Endocrine Society Joint Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Therapy of Glucocorticoid-induced Adrenal Insufficiency.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Guideline
- Immunomodulatory effects of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells: Implication for therapeutic approach in autoimmune diseases.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2024Pooled it
- The Mortality Risk of Proton Pump Inhibitors in 1.9 Million US Seniors: An Extended Cox Survival Analysis.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2022Trial
- Mortality in polymyalgia rheumatica: a 38-year prospective population-based cohort study from Southern Norway.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity and Metabolic Disorders in Kidney Transplant Recipients on Long-Term Glucocorticoid Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The Glucocorticoid Receptor: Isoforms, Functions, and Contribution to Glucocorticoid Sensitivity.Endocrine reviews · 2024Review
- Impact of chronic oral glucocorticoid treatment on mortality in patients with COVID-19: analysis of a population-based cohort.BMJ open · 2024Observational
- Treating the Side Effects of Exogenous Glucocorticoids; Can We Separate the Good From the Bad?Endocrine reviews · 2023Review
- Efficacy and safety of a 30-day methylprednisolone treatment protocol for subacute thyroiditis: a prospective study.Endocrine connections · 2023Article
- Assessing treatment adherence is crucial to determine adequacy of mineralocorticoid therapy.Endocrine connections · 2023Article
- Baseline Glucocorticoid-Related Toxicity Scores in Giant Cell Arteritis: A Post Hoc Analysis of the GiACTA Trial.ACR open rheumatology · 2023Article
- Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Exosomes as a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Agent and the Current Therapeutic Targets for Rheumatoid Arthritis.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Comorbidities in Black South Africans with established rheumatoid arthritis.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2022Article
- High Mortality Rate in Oral Glucocorticoid Users: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- [Safety aspects of the treatment with glucocorticoids for rheumatoid arthritis].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2021Review
- Trends in long-term glucocorticoid use and risk of 5-year mortality: a historical cohort study in South Korea.Endocrine · 2020Article
- Endogenous urinary glucocorticoid metabolites and mortality in prednisolone-treated renal transplant recipients.Clinical transplantation · 2020Article
- Views on glucocorticoid therapy in rheumatology: the age of convergence.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2020Review
- Oral glucocorticoids and incidence of hypertension in people with chronic inflammatory diseases: a population-based cohort study.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Previous studies of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy and mortality have had inconsistent results and have not considered possible perimortal bias-a type of protopathic bias where illness in the latter stages of life influences GC exposure, and might affect the observed relationship between GC use and death. This study aimed to investigate all-cause and cause-specific mortality in association with GC therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and explore possible perimortal bias. A retrospective cohort study using the primary care electronic medical records. Oral GC exposure was identified from prescriptions. Mortality data were obtained from the UK Office for National Statistics. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models assessed the association between GC use models and death. Several methods to explore perimortal bias were examined. The cohort included 16,762 patients. For ever GC use there was an adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality of 1.97 (95 % CI 1.81-2.15). Current GC dose of below 5 mg per day (prednisolone equivalent dose) was not associated with an increased risk of death, but a dose-response association was seen for higher dose categories. The association between ever GC use and all-cause mortality was partly explained by perimortal bias. GC therapy was associated with an increased risk of mortality for all specific causes considered, albeit to a lesser extent for cardiovascular causes. GC use was associated with an increased risk of death in RA, at least partially explained by perimortal bias. Importantly, GC doses below 5 mg were not associated with an increased risk of death.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.