Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27255385›Full record

ArticleToxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology2016

Generalized Concentration Addition Modeling Predicts Mixture Effects of Environmental PPARγ Agonists.

James Watt, Thomas F Webster, Jennifer J Schlezinger

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 21% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Phthalate-induced effects in algae and fishes: insights into environmental toxicology.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Lessons learned from evaluating defined chemical mixtures in a high-throughput estrogen receptor assay system.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025
    Article
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  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Predicting the Activation of the Androgen Receptor by Mixtures of Ligands Using Generalized Concentration Addition.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2020
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

James WattBoston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118.
Thomas F WebsterBoston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118.
Jennifer J SchlezingerBoston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118 jschlezi@bu.edu.
Boston University · US

Funding

Training CoreP42ES007381 · NIEHS · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI HAHN, MARK E · 1995 to 2019
$46.1M
NIEHS NIH HHS P42 ES007381
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The vast array of potential environmental toxicant combinations necessitates the development of efficient strategies for predicting toxic effects of mixtures. Current practices emphasize the use of concentration addition to predict joint effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals in coexposures. Generalized concentration addition (GCA) is one such method for predicting joint effects of coexposures to chemicals and has the advantage of allowing for mixture components to have differences in efficacy (ie, dose-response curve maxima). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor that plays a central role in regulating lipid homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and bone quality and is the target of an increasing number of environmental toxicants. Here, we tested the applicability of GCA in predicting mixture effects of therapeutic (rosiglitazone and nonthiazolidinedione partial agonist) and environmental PPARγ ligands (phthalate compounds identified using EPA's ToxCast database). Transcriptional activation of human PPARγ1 by individual compounds and mixtures was assessed using a peroxisome proliferator response element-driven luciferase reporter. Using individual dose-response parameters and GCA, we generated predictions of PPARγ activation by the mixtures, and we compared these predictions with the empirical data. At high concentrations, GCA provided a better estimation of the experimental response compared with 3 alternative models: toxic equivalency factor, effect summation and independent action. These alternatives provided reasonable fits to the data at low concentrations in this system. These experiments support the implementation of GCA in mixtures analysis with endocrine disrupting compounds and establish PPARγ as an important target for further studies of chemical mixtures.

Indexed as

Models, TheoreticalAnimalsChlorocebus aethiopsCOS CellsEnvironmental PollutantsHumansHypoglycemic AgentsPPAR gammaRosiglitazoneThiazolidinedionesEnvironmental PollutantsHypoglycemic AgentsPPAR gammaRosiglitazoneThiazolidinedionesmixturesmodelingphthalatesPPARγ

Identifiers

PMID27255385
PMCPMC5013877
OpenAlexW2415893412

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.