Trial reportJournal of sleep research2016
Development of nap neurophysiology: preliminary insights into sleep regulation in early childhood.
Trial report in Journal of sleep research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Many naps, one nap, none: A systematic review and meta-analysis of napping patterns in children 0-12 years.Sleep medicine reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Symptom improvement in children with autism spectrum disorder following bumetanide administration is associated with decreased GABA/glutamate ratios.Translational psychiatry · 2020Trial
- Sleep and Movement Behaviours in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study With Compositional Data Analysis.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- The interplay between nap and nighttime sleep in preschool-aged children: an actigraphic study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Beyond screen use duration: the role of evening TV-timing on sleep in preschool-aged children.Frontiers in sleep · 2026Article
- Pediatric sleep electrophysiology: Using polysomnography in developmental cognitive neuroscience.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Review
- The importance of sleep for the developing brain.Current sleep medicine reports · 2024Article
- Development of slow oscillation-spindle coupling from infancy to toddlerhood.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2024Article
- More frequent naps are associated with lower cognitive development in a cohort of 8-38-month-old children, during the Covid-19 pandemic.JCPP advances · 2023Article
- Influence of naps on sedentary time and physical activity in early childhood.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Contributions of memory and brain development to the bioregulation of naps and nap transitions in early childhood.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Relations between sleep patterns early in life and brain development: A review.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2022Review
- Sleep timing and the circadian clock in mammals: Past, present and the road ahead.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2022Review
- Nonrapid eye movement sleep characteristics and relations with motor, memory, and cognitive ability from infancy to preadolescence.Developmental psychobiology · 2021Review
- The memory benefits of two naps per day during infancy: A pilot investigation.Infant behavior & development · 2021Article
- The Role of Sleep in Retention of New Words in Habitually and Non-Habitually Napping Children.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Which are the Central Aspects of Infant Sleep? The Dynamics of Sleep Composites across Infancy.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Article
- REM sleep in naps differentially relates to memory consolidation in typical preschoolers and children with Down syndrome.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Spotlight on daytime napping during early childhood.Nature and science of sleep · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although all young children nap, the neurophysiological features and associated developmental trajectories of daytime sleep remain largely unknown. Longitudinal studies of napping physiology are fundamental to understanding sleep regulation during early childhood, a sensitive period in brain and behaviour development and a time when children transition from a biphasic to a monophasic sleep-wakefulness pattern. We investigated daytime sleep in eight healthy children with sleep electroencephalography (EEG) assessments at three longitudinal points: 2 years (2.5-3.0 years), 3 years (3.5-4.0 years) and 5 years (5.5-6.0 years). At each age, we measured nap EEG during three randomized conditions: after 4 h (morning nap), 7 h (afternoon nap) and 10 h (evening nap) duration of prior wakefulness. Developmental changes in sleep were most prevalent in the afternoon nap (e.g. decrease in sleep duration by 30 min from 2 to 3 years and by 20 min from 3 to 5 years). In contrast, nap sleep architecture (% of sleep stages) remained unchanged across age. Maturational changes in non-rapid eye movement sleep EEG power were pronounced in the slow wave activity (SWA, 0.75-4.5 Hz), theta (4.75-7.75 Hz) and sigma (10-15 Hz) frequency ranges. These findings indicate that the primary marker of sleep depth, SWA, is less apparent in daytime naps as children mature. Moreover, our fundamental data provide insight into associations between sleep regulation and functional modifications in the central nervous system during early childhood.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.