ArticleOncotarget2016
Immunogenicity of mammary tumor cells can be induced by shikonin via direct binding-interference with hnRNPA1.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive review of drug-mediated ICD inhibition of breast cancer: mechanism, status, and prospects.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Biochemical hallmarks-targeting antineoplastic nanotherapeutics.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- Effects of Electrochemotherapy on Immunologically Important Modifications in Tumor Cells.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Lactoferrin and Nanotechnology: The Potential for Cancer Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- When Natural Compounds Meet Nanotechnology: Nature-Inspired Nanomedicines for Cancer Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Article
- Plant-derived natural products for drug discovery: current approaches and prospects.The Nucleus : an international journal of cytology and allied topics · 2022Review
- Immune system activation by natural products and complex fractions: a network pharmacology approach in cancer treatment.Cell stress · 2020Review
- Naturally occurring anti-cancer compounds: shining from Chinese herbal medicine.Chinese medicine · 2019Review
- Shikonin sensitizes wild‑type EGFR NSCLC cells to erlotinib and gefitinib therapy.Molecular medicine reports · 2018Article
- Shikonin Inhibites Migration and Invasion of Thyroid Cancer Cells by Downregulating DNMT1.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2018Article
- Phytochemicals Approach for Developing Cancer Immunotherapeutics.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
- Correction · 2018-08-14Duplication of/in Image · Error in Image ·
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells occurs via various pathways that activate immune cell systems against cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that shikonin (SK), a plant secondary metabolite, can confer strong pharmacological activities that activate ICD and strong immunogenicity of tumor cells. However, the exact hierarchical regulatory mechanisms including the molecular targets of SK-activated immunogenicity are still unknown. Here, the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) was revealed to serve as a specific protein target for SK. This binding plays a key role in SK-stimulated ICD activity and the suppression of post-transcriptional mRNA processing, including nuclear export activity of newly synthesized mRNAs in mammary carcinoma cells in vitro. Moreover, it also mechanistically mediates the anti-metastatic effect of a tumor cell lysate (TCL) vaccine, which can be readily generated from SK-treated 4T1 tumor cells (SK-TCL), and the derived tumor-immunogenicity of SK-TCL-treated dendritic cells in vivo. Together, the identification of hnRNPA1 as the intracellular molecular target provides compelling pharmacology-based knowledge for the potential clinical use of SK-induced immunogenicity. In addition, SK may also serve as a potent suppressor that interferes with specific post-transcriptional activities, a mechanism which may be useful for exploitation in cancer therapeutics.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.