SynthesisPloS one2016
A Meta-Analysis on Prehypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The impact of hypertension on chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease is greater in men than women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nephrology · 2020Pooled it
- The use of oral contraceptives and the risks of developing prehypertension and hypertension in women of reproductive age: findings from a population-based survey in Indonesia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Sex differences in CKD risk factors across ethnic groups.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024Article
- Article
- Risk reduction intervention for raised blood pressure (REVERSE): protocol for a mixed-methods feasibility study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- The Effect of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Individual Components on Renal Function: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Advances of berberine against metabolic syndrome-associated kidney disease: Regarding effect and mechanism.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Effect of fixed 7.5 minutes' moderate intensity exercise bouts on body composition and blood pressure among sedentary adults with prehypertension in Western-Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Salt-Sensitive Hypertension Induces Osteoclastogenesis and Bone ResorptionFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Prevalence of prehypertension and its risk factors in midlife and late life: Indonesian family life survey 2014-2015.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Association of Longitudinal Trajectories of Systolic BP with Risk of Incident CKD: Results from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2020Article
- The management of prehypertension in young adults.Saudi medical journal · 2020Review
- Pulse Pressure and the Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease Among Chinese Adults in Singapore: The Singapore Chinese Health Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Article
- Impact of new hypertension guidelines on target organ damage screening in a Shanghai community-dwelling population.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2019Article
- Limited Knowledge of Chronic Kidney Disease among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in India.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Efficacy of a mobile hypertension prevention delivery platform with human coaching.Journal of human hypertension · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRecent studies have demonstrated that there is an association between prehypertension and an increased risk of end-stage renal disease. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the relationship between prehypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This meta-analysis aimed to demonstrate the association between prehypertension and the incidence of CKD and identify the impacts of gender and ethnic differences.
methodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (from inception through March 2016) and article reference lists were searched for relevant studies regarding blood pressure and CKD. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were classified as follows: optimal BP (less than 120/80 mmHg), prehypertension (120-139/80-89 mmHg) and hypertension (over 140/90 mmHg). CKD was defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or proteinuria. Two investigators independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of studies enrolled in this meta-analysis using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). We performed the meta-analysis using Stata/SE 12.0 (StataCorp LP). The random-effect models were used in the heterogeneous analyses.
resultsAfter retrieving data from 4,537 potentially relevant articles, we identified 7 cohort studies including 261,264 subjects, according to the predefined selection criteria. Five studies were conducted in Mongolians from East Asia, and the other two studies were performed in Indo-Europeans from Austria and Iran. The participants ranged in age from 20 to 89 years, and the proportion of females ranged from 27.2% to 63.8%. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 11 years. Compared with the optimal BP values, prehypertension showed an increased risk of CKD (pooled RR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.13-1.44; P = 0.000; I2 = 77.9%). In the sex-stratified analysis, we found a similar trend in women (pooled RR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.01-1.63; P = 0.039; I2 = 76.1%) but not in men. This effect was observed only in Mongolians from East Asia (pooled RR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.18-1.59; P = 0.000; I2 = 81.3%) and not in Indo-Europeans.
conclusionsPrehypertension is considered a potential cause of CKD. Gender and ethnic differences are exhibited in this association.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.