ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2016
Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in Children Induces B-Cell Responses in Tonsils.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT01866540 (The Systemic And Local Immune Response To Intranasal Influenza Vaccination), which is not on this map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Systemic And Local Immune Response To Intranasal Influenza Vaccination
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Organoids as a Novel Tool for Vaccine Study.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Local B cell immunity and durable memory after live-attenuated influenza intranasal vaccination of humans.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Age-dependent immune landscapes affect influenza vaccine effectiveness and guide precision strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Replication in human cells supersedes serum antigenic match for the in vivo efficacy of an A/H1N1pdm09 LAIV virus.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Intranasal NS1-truncated live attenuated canine influenza vaccine confers superior protection compared to inactivated vaccine in beagles.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Integrative mapping of preexisting influenza immune landscapes predicts vaccine response.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Recent advances in the influenza virus vaccine landscape: a comprehensive overview of technologies and trials.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- An Optimised Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Ferret Efficacy Model Successfully Translates H1N1 Clinical Data.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Meeting Report From "Correlates of Protection for Next Generation Influenza Vaccines: Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic".Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- Impact of Pre-Existing Immunity and Age on Antibody Responses to Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Review
- Intranasal Epitope-Polymer Vaccine Lodges Resident Memory T Cells Protecting Against Influenza Virus.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Tonsil explants as a humanFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on saliva immune barriers: IgA, lysozyme, and lactoferrin.Archives of virology · 2023Review
- The potential of saliva as an accessible and sensitive sample type for the detection of respiratory pathogens and host immunity.The Lancet. Microbe · 2023Review
- [Health Technology Assessment: a value-based tool for the evaluation of healthcare technologies. Reassessment of the cell-culture-derived quadrivalent influenza vaccine: Flucelvax TetraJournal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2022Article
- Mutation L319Q in the PB1 Polymerase Subunit Improves Attenuation of a Candidate Live-Attenuated Influenza A Virus Vaccine.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Seasonal influenza vaccination expands hemagglutinin-specific antibody breadth to older and future A/H3N2 viruses.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Article
- Factors influencing the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTonsils play a key role in eliciting immune responses against respiratory pathogens. Little is known about how tonsils contribute to the local immune response after intranasal vaccination. Here, we uniquely report the mucosal humoral responses in tonsils and saliva after intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) vaccination in children.
methodsBlood, saliva, and tonsils samples were collected from 39 children before and after LAIV vaccination and from 16 age-matched, nonvaccinated controls. Serum antibody responses were determined by a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. The salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) level was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody-secreting cell (ASC) and memory B-cell (MBC) responses were enumerated in tonsils and blood.
resultsSignificant increases were observed in levels of serum antibodies and salivary IgA to influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B virus strains as early as 14 days after vaccination but not to influenza A(H1N1). Influenza virus-specific salivary IgA levels correlated with serum HI responses, making this a new possible indicator of vaccine immunogenicity in children. LAIV augmented influenza virus-specific B-cell responses in tonsils and blood. Tonsillar MBC responses correlated with systemic MBC and serological responses. Naive children showed significant increases in MBC counts after LAIV vaccination.
conclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate that LAIV elicits humoral B-cell responses in tonsils of young children. Furthermore, salivary IgA analysis represents an easy method for measuring immunogenicity after vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.