SynthesisEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society2016
Viral infection in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence of influenza bacterial co-infection and its role in disease severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- A meta-analysis reveals the effectiveness of probiotics and prebiotics against respiratory viral infection.Bioscience reports · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic review of respiratory viral pathogens identified in adults with community-acquired pneumonia in Europe.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2017Pooled it
- A case-control study of the causes of acute respiratory infection among hospitalized patients in Northeastern Laos.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Pulmonary Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Commonly Used Antibiotics in the Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2026Review
- Comparison of Clinical Profile and Outcomes Associated with Adenovirus and Non-adenovirus Viral Pneumonia in Children Admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Single-center Retrospective Study.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2026Article
- Severe viral infections requiring intensive care unit admissions- aetiology, co-infections, respiratory interventions and outcomes.Infection · 2026Article
- Article
- Respiratory viral and bacterial co-infections in adults in acute care: A multiplex PCR-based study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Impact of Real-Time Multiplex PCR Testing for Respiratory Viruses on Antibiotic Use.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Comparison of Length of Treatment and Comorbidities in Older and Adult Hospitalized Patients with Bacterial Community-Acquired Pneumonia.The Eurasian journal of medicine · 2025Article
- Viral non-SARS-CoV-2 etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Southeast Asia: a review and pooled analysis.IJID regions · 2025Review
- Role of Respiratory Viruses in Severe Acute Respiratory Failure.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Diagnosis of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Due to Influenza or Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Evaluation of RT-PCR Sensitivity in Nasopharyngeal, Saliva, and Sputum Samples.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hidden in plain sight: the impact of human rhinovirus infection in adults.Respiratory research · 2025Review
- Autophagy and Respiratory Viruses: Mechanisms, Viral Exploitation, and Therapeutic Insights.Cells · 2025Review
- Detection of community-acquired respiratory viruses during COVID-19 pandemic in subtropical region in Japan.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Article
- Guidelines for Antibiotics Prescription in Critically Ill Patients.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2024Article
- Optimizing Diagnosis and Management of Community-acquired Pneumonia in the Emergency Department.Emergency medicine clinics of North America · 2024Review
- Patterns and predictors of positive multiplex polymerase chain reaction respiratory panel among patients with acute respiratory infections in a single center in Lebanon.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The advent of PCR has improved the identification of viruses in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Several studies have used PCR to establish the importance of viruses in the aetiology of CAP.We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies that reported the proportion of viral infection detected via PCR in patients with CAP. We excluded studies with paediatric populations. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with viral infection. The secondary outcome was short-term mortality.Our review included 31 studies. Most obtained PCR via nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab. The pooled proportion of patients with viral infection was 24.5% (95% CI 21.5-27.5%). In studies that obtained lower respiratory samples in >50% of patients, the proportion was 44.2% (95% CI 35.1-53.3%). The odds of death were higher in patients with dual bacterial and viral infection (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.32-3.31).Viral infection is present in a high proportion of patients with CAP. The true proportion of viral infection is probably underestimated because of negative test results from nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab PCR. There is increased mortality in patients with dual bacterial and viral infection.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.