ArticleInfection and immunity2016
Fecal Indole as a Biomarker of Susceptibility to Cryptosporidium Infection.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Mechanism Underlying the Influence of Indole-3-Propionic Acid: A Relevance to Metabolic Disorders.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Micronutrient supplements can promote disruptive protozoan and fungal communities in the developing infant gut.Nature communications · 2021Trial
- Indole-based hybrids target both asexual parasites and gametocytes ofAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Comparative metagenomic and untargeted metabolomic analyses reveal gut microbiota and metabolite alterations associated with diarrhea in neonatal Holstein calves in Anhui, China.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Microbiota-derived indole differentially shapes Entamoeba histolytica physiology and promotes host-compatible colonization.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- The Role of Biofilm-Derived Compounds in Microbial and Protozoan Interactions.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Multi-omics profiling reveals key microbial and metabolic variations in ischemic stroke: insights into gut and oral microbiota.Archives of microbiology · 2025Article
- Cryptosporidium parvum multidrug resistance protein confers resistance to toxic gut microbial metabolite.Cell host & microbe · 2025Article
- Article
- Gut Barrier Dysfunction and Microbiota Variations in Cryptosporidiosis: A Comprehensive Review.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of predicted microbiota tryptophanase activity on Cryptosporidium parvum proliferation.PloS one · 2025Article
- The influence of AHR on immune and tissue biology.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Comprehensive insights into the impact of bacterial indole-3-acetic acid on sensory preferences in Drosophila melanogaster.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Harnessing and delivering microbial metabolites as therapeutics via advanced pharmaceutical approaches.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Commensal protist Tritrichomonas musculus exhibits a dynamic life cycle that induces extensive remodeling of the gut microbiota.The ISME journal · 2024Article
- Dietary environmental factors shape the immune defense against Cryptosporidium infection.Cell host & microbe · 2023Article
- Review
- Microbiota-produced indole metabolites disrupt mitochondrial function and inhibit Cryptosporidium parvum growth.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Microbiota produced indole metabolites disrupt host cell mitochondrial energy production and inhibitbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Microbial Metabolite Dysbiosis and Colorectal Cancer.Gut and liver · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cryptosporidium causes significant diarrhea worldwide, especially among children and immunocompromised individuals, and no effective drug treatment is currently available for those who need it most. In this report, previous volunteer infectivity studies have been extended to examine the association between fecal indole and indole-producing (IP) gut microbiota on the outcome of a Cryptosporidium infection. Fecal indole concentrations (FICs) of 50 subjects and 19 taxa of common gut microbiota, including six IP taxa (11 subjects) were determined in stool samples collected before and after a challenge with Cryptosporidium oocysts. At the baseline, the mean FIC (± the standard deviation) was 1.66 ± 0.80 mM in those who became infected after a challenge versus 3.20 ± 1.23 mM in those who remained uninfected (P = 0.0001). Only 11.1% of the subjects with a FIC of >2.5 mM became infected after a challenge versus 65.2% of the subjects with a FIC of <2.5 mM. In contrast, the FICs of infected subjects at the baseline or during diarrhea were not correlated with infection intensity or disease severity. The relative abundances (percent) of Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., and Clostridium spp. were greater ≥2.5-fold in volunteers with a baseline FIC of >2.5 mM, while those of Bacteroides pyogenes, B. fragilis, and Akkermansia muciniphila were greater in those with a baseline FIC of <2.5 mM. These data indicate that some IP bacteria, or perhaps indole alone, can influence the ability of Cryptosporidium to establish an infection. Thus, preexisting indole levels in the gut join the oocyst dose and immune status as important factors that determine the outcome of Cryptosporidium exposure.
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Registered trials
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