Trial reportAIDS (London, England)2016
Three months of weekly rifapentine and isoniazid for treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in HIV-coinfected persons.
Trial report in AIDS (London, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03783728 (Efficacy of Risk-Targeted Video Based Directly on Observed Therapy for Latent TB), which is not on this map. Cited by 90 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Risk-Targeted Video Based Directly on Observed Therapy for Latent TB
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rifapentine-isoniazid versus isoniazid-alone therapy for tuberculosis prevention among people living with HIV (PLHIV): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of different regimens in the treatment of patients with latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Pooled it
- Hepatotoxicity, efficacy and completion rate between 3 months of isoniazid plus rifapentine and 9 months of isoniazid in treating latent tuberculosis infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2021Pooled it
- Tuberculosis preventive therapy for people living with HIV: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Isoniazid preventive therapy plus antiretroviral therapy for the prevention of tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data.The lancet. HIV · 2021Pooled it
- Guidelines for the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC, 2020.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2020Pooled it
- Isoniazid-Rifapentine for Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.American journal of preventive medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Update of Recommendations for Use of Once-Weekly Isoniazid-Rifapentine Regimen to Treat Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2018Guideline
- Cost-effectiveness of Testing and Treatment for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Residents Born Outside the United States With and Without Medical Comorbidities in a Simulation Model.JAMA internal medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Guideline
- Three Months of Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid Versus Four Months of Daily Rifampicin for Tuberculosis Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Trial
- An evaluation of a choice architecture-based intervention on prescribing of TB preventive treatment to people living with HIV in southern Africa (the CAT study): a cluster-randomised trial.BMJ global health · 2025Trial
- Twice-Daily Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy With 1 Month of Daily Rifapentine and Isoniazid for Tuberculosis Prevention.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- D3/Penta 21 clinical trial design: A randomised non-inferiority trial with nested drug licensing substudy to assess dolutegravir and lamivudine fixed dose formulations for the maintenance of virological suppression in children with HIV-1 infection, aged 2 to 15 years.Contemporary clinical trials · 2024Trial
- High Isoniazid Exposures When Administered with Rifapentine Once Weekly for Latent Tuberculosis in Individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Trial
- Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in HIV-Infected Pregnant and Postpartum Women.The New England journal of medicine · 2019Trial
- One Month of Rifapentine plus Isoniazid to Prevent HIV-Related Tuberculosis.The New England journal of medicine · 2019Trial
- Cytokine-Mediated Systemic Adverse Drug Reactions in a Drug-Drug Interaction Study of Dolutegravir With Once-Weekly Isoniazid and Rifapentine.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Trial
- Towards ending tuberculosis in South Africa: an uncertainty analysis of the programmes and factors most critical to future declines.Global health action · 2026Article
- Safety of Short-course Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid (3HP) for TB Preventive Treatment at Conception and During First Trimester in Women With HIV: A Secondary Analysis of the WHIP3TB trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCompare the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of 3 months of weekly rifapentine and isoniazid under direct observation (3HP) versus 9 months of daily isoniazid (9H) in HIV-infected persons.
designProspective, randomized, and open-label noninferiority trial.
settingThe United States , Brazil, Spain, Peru, Canada, and Hong Kong.
participantsHIV-infected persons who were tuberculin skin test positive or close contacts of tuberculosis cases.
intervention3HP versus 9H.
main outcome measuresThe effectiveness endpoint was tuberculosis; the noninferiority margin was 0.75%. The tolerability endpoint was treatment completion; the safety endpoint was drug discontinuation because of adverse drug reaction.
resultsMedian baseline CD4 cell counts were 495 (IQR 389-675) and 538 (IQR 418-729) cells/μl in the 3HP and 9H arms, respectively (P = 0.09). In the modified intention-to-treat analysis, there were two tuberculosis cases among 206 persons [517 person-years (p-y) of follow-up] in the 3HP arm (0.39 per 100 p-y) and six tuberculosis cases among 193 persons (481 p-y of follow-up) in the 9H arm (1.25 per 100 p-y). Cumulative tuberculosis rates were 1.01 versus 3.50% in the 3HP and 9H arms, respectively (rate difference: -2.49%; upper bound of the 95% confidence interval of the difference: 0.60%). Treatment completion was higher with 3HP (89%) than 9H (64%) (P < 0.001), and drug discontinuation because of an adverse drug reaction was similar (3 vs. 4%; P = 0.79) in 3HP and 9H, respectively.
conclusionAmong HIV-infected persons with median CD4 cell count of approximately 500 cells/μl, 3HP was as effective and safe for treatment of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as 9H, and better tolerated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.