ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2016
Autophagy-Related Proteins Target Ubiquitin-Free Mycobacterial Compartment to Promote Killing in Macrophages.
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autophagy in mycobacterial infections: molecular mechanisms, host-pathogen interactions, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Autophagy and Host Defense in Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Article
- The Paratuberculosis Paradigm Examined: A Review of Host Genetic Resistance and Innate Immune Fitness inFrontiers in veterinary science · 2021Review
- Autophagy as a Target for Drug Development Of Skin Infection Caused by Mycobacteria.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Mycobacterium abscessus Clearance by Neutrophils Is Independent of Autophagy.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- The Lipid Virulence Factors ofCells · 2020Article
- MicroRNA-106a Inhibits Autophagy Process and Antimicrobial Responses by Targeting ULK1, ATG7, and ATG16L1 During Mycobacterial Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Lipoarabinomannan from Mycobacterium indicus pranii shows immunostimulatory activity and induces autophagy in macrophages.PloS one · 2019Article
- Selective Autophagy and Xenophagy in Infection and Disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2018Review
- miR-138 suppresses the proliferation, metastasis and autophagy of non-small cell lung cancer by targeting Sirt1.Oncology reports · 2017Article
- The distinct fate of smooth and rough Mycobacterium abscessus variants inside macrophages.Open biology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradative process that plays essential functions in innate immunity, particularly, in the clearance of intracellular bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The molecular mechanisms involved in autophagy activation and targeting of mycobacteria, in innate immune responses of macrophages, are only partially characterized. Autophagy targets pathogenic M. tuberculosis via a cytosolic DNA recognition- and an ubiquitin-dependent pathway. In this report, we show that non-pathogenic M. smegmatis induces a robust autophagic response in THP-1 macrophages with an up regulation of several autophagy-related genes. Autophagy activation relies in part on recognition of mycobacteria by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Notably, LC3 targeting of M. smegmatis does not rely on membrane damage, ubiquitination, or autophagy receptor recruitment. Lastly, M. smegmatis promotes recruitment of several autophagy proteins, which are required for mycobacterial killing. In conclusion, our study uncovered an alternative autophagic pathway triggered by mycobacteria which involves cell surface recognition but not bacterial ubiquitination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.