ArticleInternational journal of pediatrics2016
Timing of Caffeine Therapy and Neonatal Outcomes in Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Study.
Article in International journal of pediatrics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Administration time of caffeine in preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Pooled it
- Early caffeine therapy decreases bronchopulmonary dysplasia but might increase mortality in preterm infants? a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Confounding biases in studies on early- versus late-caffeine in preterm infants: a systematic review.Pediatric research · 2020Pooled it
- Caffeine citrate increases ciliary beat frequency in human respiratory epithelial cells.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Article
- Caffeine for the prevention of acute kidney injury in neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Review
- [Safety and efficacy of caffeine use started at different time in preterm infants: a multicenter study in Jiangsu Province, China].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2020Article
- Caffeine in preterm infants: where are we in 2020?ERJ open research · 2020Review
- Antioxidative effects of caffeine in a hyperoxia-based rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Respiratory research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background. Caffeine is widely used to treat apnea of prematurity. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of early caffeine (1-2 DOL) in decreasing the incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes. Methods. A retrospective cohort was used to compare the neonatal morbidity of 150 preterm neonates with gestational age ≤29 weeks. Infants were divided into 3 groups based on the initiation timing of caffeine therapy; (1) early caffeine (1-2 DOL), (2) late caffeine (3-7 DOL), and (3) very late caffeine (≥8 DOL). Results. The neonatal outcomes of early caffeine were comparable with those of the late caffeine group. Moreover, when comparing the neonatal morbidity of the very late caffeine group with that of the early caffeine group, multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. We found that the timing of caffeine did not influence the risk of BPD (OR, 0.393; CI, 0.126-1.223; p = 0.107), but birthweight did (OR, 0.996; CI, 0.993-0.999; p = 0.018) in these infants. Conclusion. Neonatal outcomes of preterm infants were comparable whether caffeine was administered early or late in the first 7 DOL. The risk of BPD in infants receiving caffeine after 8 DOL was irrespective of delayed treatment with caffeine. Our results clearly demonstrate the need for further studies before caffeine prophylaxis can be universally recommended.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.