ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2016
Activation of Immune and Defense Responses in the Intestinal Mucosa by Outer Membrane Vesicles of Commensal and Probiotic Escherichia coli Strains.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles at the Crossroads of Immune Regulation and Biofilm Dynamics: Biogenesis, Comparative Analysis, and Translational Challenges.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles: bridging microbial-host crosstalk in metabolic disorders.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Experimental models for intestinal host-microbe interactions.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Review
- The gut-liver/bile axis: Gut microbiota and bacterial extracellular vesicles remodeling hepatobiliary pathogenesis.iScience · 2026Review
- Membrane Vesicles from Lacticaseibacillus Casei BL23 Exhibit Antimicrobial Activity Against Escherichia coli and Immunostimulatory Effects on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Gut-derived bacterial membrane vesicles in prediabetes: Vesicle composition dictates inflammatory properties.iScience · 2026Article
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Liver Diseases.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as bioactive nanocarriers for wound treatment.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Harnessing Natural Extracellular Vesicles to Combat Age-Related Diseases: From Aging Drivers to Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles in the initiation, progression and treatment of atherosclerosis.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory properties of probiotic extracellular vesicles- do they have the potential to fill the gap in therapeutic strategies for allergies?Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Microbial membrane vesicles and the intestinal epithelium: a crosstalk in health and disease.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Streptococcus thermophilus 065 and Their Potential to Modulate the Immune Response.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles of Gram-negative and Gram-positive probiotics.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Review
- Intestinal bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: From mechanisms to therapeutics.Molecules and cells · 2025Review
- Separation and Characterization of Heterogeneity Among Various Sizes of Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from the ProbioticMembranes · 2025Article
- Characterization ofIranian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Precision Psychobiotics for Gut-Brain Axis Health: Advancing the Discovery Pipelines to Deliver Mechanistic Pathways and Proven Health Efficacy.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Review
- Probiotic membrane vesicles: emerging tools for disease treatment.Microbiome research reports · 2025Review
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The influence of microbiota in human health is well-known. Imbalances in microbiome structure have been linked to several diseases. Modulation of microbiota composition through probiotic therapy is an attempt to harness the beneficial effects of commensal microbiota. Although, there is wide knowledge of the responses induced by gut microbiota, the microbial factors that mediate these effects are not well-known. Gram-negative bacteria release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as a secretion mechanism of microbial factors, which have an important role in intercellular communication. Here, we investigated whether OMVs from the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) or the commensal E. coli strain ECOR12 trigger immune responses in various cellular models: (i) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as a model of intestinal barrier disruption, (ii) apical stimulation of Caco-2/PMBCs co-culture as a model of intact intestinal mucosa, and (iii) colonic mucosa explants as an ex vivo model. Stimulations with bacterial lysates were also performed. Whereas, both OMVs and lysates activated expression and secretion of several cytokines and chemokines in PBMCs, only OMVs induced basolateral secretion and mRNA upregulation of these mediators in the co-culture model. We provide evidence that OMVs are internalized in polarized Caco-2 cells. The activated epithelial cells elicit a response in the underlying immunocompetent cells. The OMVs effects were corroborated in the ex vivo model. This experimental study shows that OMVs are an effective strategy used by beneficial gut bacteria to communicate with and modulate host responses, activating signaling events through the intestinal epithelial barrier.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.