Trial reportThe Journal of experimental medicine2016
Combined IL-21-primed polyclonal CTL plus CTLA4 blockade controls refractory metastatic melanoma in a patient.
Trial report in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD8Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2020Trial
- Epigenetic regulation of T cell exhaustion in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Cytokines in cancer.Cancer cell · 2025Review
- The effects of interleukin-21 in the biology of transplant rejection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Long-term Remissions Following CD20-Directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Adoptive T-cell Therapy.Blood cancer discovery · 2024Article
- Article
- Cancer Nano-Immunotherapy: The Novel and Promising Weapon to Fight Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Model-informed drug development of autologous CAR-T cell therapy: Strategies to optimize CAR-T cell exposure leveraging cell kinetic/dynamic modeling.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2023Review
- CD8Immunity · 2023Review
- Engineered murine IL-21-secreting leukemia cells induce granzyme BCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- Feasibility and Safety of Personalized, Multi-Target, Adoptive Cell Therapy (IMA101): First-in-Human Clinical Trial in Patients with Advanced Metastatic Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2023Article
- Implications of IL-21 in solid tumor therapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Review
- STAT3 regulates CD8+ T cell differentiation and functions in cancer and acute infection.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- The application of Interleukin-2 family cytokines in tumor immunotherapy research.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Review
- Advancements of Common Gamma-Chain Family Cytokines in Cancer Immunotherapy.Immune network · 2022Review
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma: Challenges and Road Ahead.Cells · 2021Review
- High-throughput identification of conditional MHCI ligands and scaled-up production of conditional MHCI complexes.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2021Article
- Nanotechnology synergized immunoengineering for cancer.European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V · 2021Review
- Alternol triggers immunogenic cell deathOncoimmunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of peripheral blood-derived, melanoma-reactive CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) alone is generally insufficient to eliminate bulky tumors. Similarly, monotherapy with anti-CTLA4 infrequently yields sustained remissions in patients with metastatic melanoma. We postulated that a bolus of enhanced IL-21-primed polyclonal antigen-specific CTL combined with CTLA4 blockade might boost antitumor efficacy. In this first-in-human case study, the combination successfully led to a durable complete remission (CR) in a patient whose disease was refractory to both monoclonal CTL and anti-CTLA4. Long-term persistence and sustained anti-tumor activity of transferred CTL, as well as responses to nontargeted antigens, confirmed mutually beneficial effects of the combined treatment. In this first-in-human study, Chapuis et al. demonstrate that the combination of adoptive cellular therapy with CTLA4 blockade induces long-term remission in a melanoma patient resistant to both modalities administered serially and individually.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.