Trial reportPsychopharmacology2016
Levodopa impairs probabilistic reversal learning in healthy young adults.
Trial report in Psychopharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- NMDA receptor involvement in dopaminergic modulation of neuroplasticity induced by paired associative stimulation.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- L-DOPA and oxytocin influence the neural correlates of performance monitoring for self and others.Psychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Levodopa does not affect expression of reinforcement learning in older adults.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- The effect of dopamine on conditioned placebo analgesia in healthy individuals: a double-blind randomized trial.Psychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- Behavioral Interventions Can Improve Brain Injury-Induced Deficits in Behavioral Flexibility and Impulsivity Linked to Impaired Reward-Feedback Beta Oscillations.Journal of neurotrauma · 2024Article
- Dopamine Increases Accuracy and Lengthens Deliberation Time in Explicit Motor Skill Learning.eNeuro · 2024Article
- Dopamine Alters the Effect of Brain Stimulation on Decision-Making.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Phasic Dopamine Changes and Hebbian Mechanisms during Probabilistic Reversal Learning in Striatal Circuits: A Computational Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Using pharmacological manipulations to study the role of dopamine in human reward functioning: A review of studies in healthy adults.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Review
- Impaired Formation and Expression of Goal-Directed and Habitual Control in Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
- Striatum-related functional activation during reward- versus punishment-based learning in psychosis risk.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Article
- Physical Exercise Modulates L-DOPA-Regulated Molecular Pathways in the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Article
- Article
- White noise enhances new-word learning in healthy adults.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Article
- Pramipexole Impairs Stimulus-Response Learning in Healthy Young Adults.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleDopaminergic therapy improves some cognitive functions and worsens others in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). These paradoxical effects are explained by the dopamine overdose hypothesis, which proposes that effects of dopaminergic therapy on a cognitive function is determined by the baseline dopamine levels in brain regions mediating that function.
objectivesWe directly tested this prevalent hypothesis, evaluating the effects of levodopa on stimulus-reward learning in healthy young adults, who presumably have optimal baseline dopamine levels and dopamine regulation.
methodsTwenty-six healthy, young adults completed a probabilistic reversal learning task in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Participants completed one session on levodopa 100 mg/carbidopa 25 mg and another session on placebo.
resultsWe found that levodopa impaired reversal learning relative to placebo. Further analyses revealed that levodopa impaired learning from both punishment and reward.
conclusionsExogenous dopamine impairs stimulus-reward learning, independent of PD pathology and prior to sensitization through repeated exposure, in healthy adults with normal cognition and baseline dopamine function. Our findings support the dopamine overdose hypothesis and caution clinicians about detrimental effects of levodopa in all clinical populations (e.g., early PD, restless leg syndrome) regardless of baseline cognitive and dopaminergic system function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.