ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2016
The Knowledge Base for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goal Targets on Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost analyses of promoting handwashing with soap: A systematic review.PLoS medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review of climate change interventions for improving child health.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Pooled it
- Safe Healthcare Facilities: A Systematic Review on the Costs of Establishing and Maintaining Environmental Health in Facilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Open defecation-free slippage and its associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Budgeting for Environmental Health Services in Healthcare Facilities: A Ten-Step Model for Planning and Costing.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- How Do Households Respond to Unreliable Water Supplies? A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Pooled it
- Achieving equitable uptake of handwashing and sanitation by addressing both supply and demand-based constraints: findings from a randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh.International journal for equity in health · 2021Trial
- Benefits and Costs of a Community-Led Total Sanitation Intervention in Rural Ethiopia-A Trial-Based ex post Economic Evaluation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- Disentangling the effects of a multiple behaviour change intervention for diarrhoea control in Zambia: a theory-based process evaluation.Globalization and health · 2017Trial
- Beyond access: WASH, public health, and sustainable development priorities in Africa-a narrative review.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Review
- A review on prospects, challenges, stakeholders and strategies for the implementation of water, sanitation and hygiene in developing countries towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2026Review
- Household-level WASH conditions and waterborne diseases among the Vantangiya Scheduled Tribe in India: A micro-scale spatial analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Experimental dataset on the application of aloe vera gel as a natural coagulant for water treatment.Data in brief · 2026Article
- Geospatial variation and machine learning approaches to predict open defecation practice in Zambia.PloS one · 2026Article
- Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) analysis of Amansea and Ugwuoba livestock market settlements and bacteriological quality investigation of drinking water sources at Amansea, Nigeria.African health sciences · 2025Article
- Machine learning-based prediction of household sanitation facility access in Sub-Saharan Africa: insights from DHS data (2012-2024).Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Association of Diarrhea Outcomes with Drinking Water Factors, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Malaria Practices in the Population of Béré, Chad.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Determinants and geographic distribution of unimproved sanitation facilities in sub-Saharan Africa, spatial and multilevel analysis using demographic and health survey (DHS) data.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Climate change policies fail to protect child health.Globalization and health · 2025Article
- Aging Population and Lacking Sanitation Governance: Global Challenges in Alleviating Deaths from Unsafe Rural Sanitation.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are fundamental to an improved standard of living. Globally, 91% of households used improved drinking water sources in 2015, while for improved sanitation it is 68%. Wealth disparities are stark, with rural populations, slum dwellers and marginalized groups lagging significantly behind. Service coverage is significantly lower when considering the new water and sanitation targets under the sustainable development goals (SDGs) which aspire to a higher standard of 'safely managed' water and sanitation. Lack of access to WASH can have an economic impact as much as 7% of Gross Domestic Product, not including the social and environmental consequences. Research points to significant health and socio-economic consequences of poor nutritional status, child growth and school performance caused by inadequate WASH. Groundwater over-extraction and pollution of surface water bodies have serious impacts on water resource availability and biodiversity, while climate change exacerbates the health risks of water insecurity. A significant literature documents the beneficial impacts of WASH interventions, and a growing number of impact evaluation studies assess how interventions are optimally financed, implemented and sustained. Many innovations in behavior change and service delivery offer potential for scaling up services to meet the SDGs.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.