ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2016
Heterogeneous Pathology of Melasma and Its Clinical Implications.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 185 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Low-Fluence Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser Treatment for Melasma: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Using the AOPT-LTL Technique for the Treatment of Melasma: A Clinical Study.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A for the Management of Melasma: A Split-Face, Randomized Control Study.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Trial
- Histopathological evaluation of facial melasma treated with oral tranexamic acid alone and in combination with ketotifen.Anais brasileiros de dermatologiaTrial
- Targeting skin barrier repair: mechanisms of action, therapeutic evidence, and clinical translation challenges of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Picosecond Laser Combined With Sodium Hyaluronate for Melasma.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Facial Melanosis in Skin of Color: An Integrated Clinical, Dermoscopic, and Quality of Life Analysis.Cureus · 2026Article
- Clinical Effects and Safety of Radiofrequency Microneedling for the Management of Melasma: A Retrospective Study.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2026Article
- Beyond the boundaries of pigmentation and inflammation: understanding the mechanistic basis of melasma-rosacea comorbidity.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Establishment and Validation of a C57BL/6J Mouse Model for Melasma.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Treatments on Melasma Area Severity Index and Quality of Life.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Review
- The effects and safety of sequential high concentration glycolic acid and trichloroacetic acid chemical peels in skin photo-type IV-VI, a retrospective cross-sectional monocentric review.International journal of women's dermatology · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light AOPT-LTL Technique in the Treatment of Melasma: An In Vivo and Clinical Study.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- The Use of Medium-Deep Peelings to Treat Melasma: A Case Series Study.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Lipidome Complexity in Physiological and Pathological Skin Pigmentation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Pathogenesis of Melasma Explained.International journal of dermatology · 2025Review
- The Sebaceous Gland: A Key Player in the Balance Between Homeostasis and Inflammatory Skin Diseases.Cells · 2025Review
- A Scoping Review on Melasma Treatments and Their Histopathologic Correlates.Dermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Melasma is a commonly acquired hypermelanosis that affects sun-exposed areas of the skin, with frequent facial involvement. Its histologic manifestations are evident in the epidermis, extracellular matrix, and dermis. In addition to epidermal pigmentation, pathologic findings of melasma include extracellular matrix abnormality, especially solar elastosis. The disrupted basement membrane has been described in melasma with variable incidences. In the dermis, an increase in vascularity and an increase in the number of mast cells were observed, indicating that dermal factors have critical roles in the pathogenesis of melasma, despite the fact that melasma is characterized by epidermal hyperpigmentation. This review discusses such histologic characteristics of melasma, with consideration to their implications for melasma treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.