ArticleInternational journal of cardiology2016
Effect of cold spells and their modifiers on cardiovascular disease events: Evidence from two prospective studies.
Article in International journal of cardiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- CVD Environmental Health Disparities Tool: systematic evidence mapping of psychosocial stressors, environmental exposures, and cardiovascular diseases to inform disparities research and action.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Review
- Changes of public behavior alter weather-dependent strain on emergency medical services.World journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Comorbidities, Tobacco Exposure, and Geography: Added Risk Factors of Heat and Cold Wave-related Mortality among U.S. Veterans with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2025Article
- The interplay of climate change and physical activity: Implications for cardiovascular health.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2024Article
- Cold Spells and the Onset of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Case-Crossover Study in 323 Chinese Cities.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Cascading disasters and mental health inequities: Winter Storm Uri, COVID-19 and post-traumatic stress in Texas.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- Climate change and cardiovascular disease: implications for global health.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2022Review
- Effects of Cold Spells on Mortality - Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China, 2014-2018.China CDC weekly · 2022Article
- Association between Cold Spells and Mortality Risk and Burden: A Nationwide Study in China.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Article
- The effects of submaximal exercise and cold exposure on blood coagulation parameters in coronary artery disease patients.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Article
- Meteorological rhythms of respiratory and circulatory diseases revealed by Harmonic Analysis.Heliyon · 2020Article
- Excess winter mortality and morbidity before, during, and after the Great Recession: the Portuguese case.International journal of biometeorology · 2019Article
- Use of primary care data to predict those most vulnerable to cold weather: a case-crossover analysis.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2018Article
- Health effects of milder winters: a review of evidence from the United Kingdom.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2017Review
- Article
- Ambient temperature and risk of cardiovascular events at labor and delivery: A case-crossover study.Environmental research · 2017Article
- Effects of extreme temperatures on cardiovascular emergency hospitalizations in a Mediterranean region: a self-controlled case series study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2017Article
- Association of Maximum Temperature With Sedentary Time in Older British Men.Journal of physical activity & health · 2017Article
- Relationship between outdoor temperature and cardiovascular disease risk factors in older people.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate effects of cold weather spells on incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and potential effect modification of socio-demographic, clinical, behavioural and environmental exposures.
methodsData from two prospective studies were analysed: the British Regional Heart Study (BRHS), a population-based study of British men aged 60-79years, followed for CVD incidence from 1998-2000 to 2012; and the PROSPER study of men and women aged 70-82 recruited to a trial of pravastatin vs placebo from 1997 to 9 (followed until 2009). Cold spells were defined as at least three consecutive days when daily mean temperature fell below the monthly 10th percentile specific to the closest local weather station. A time-stratified case-crossover approach was used to estimate associations between cold spells and CVD events.
results921 of 4252 men from BRHS and 760 of 2519 participants from PROSPER suffered a first CVD event during follow-up. More CVD events were registered in winter in both studies. The risk ratio (RR) associated with cold spells was statistically significant in BRHS (RR=1.86, 95% CI 1.30-2.65, p<0.001), and independent of temperature level: results were similar whether events were fatal or non-fatal. Increased risk was particularly marked in BRHS for ever-smokers (RR of 2.44 vs 0.99 for never-smokers), in moderate/heavy drinkers (RR 2.59 vs 1.41), and during winter months (RR 3.28 vs 1.25). No increased risk was found in PROSPER.
conclusionsAlthough CVD risks were higher in winter in both BRHS and PROSPER prospective studies, cold spells increased risk of CVD events, independently of cold temperature, in the BRHS only.
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