Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27239497›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2015

Practice effects due to serial cognitive assessment: Implications for preclinical Alzheimer's disease randomized controlled trials.

Terry E Goldberg, Philip D Harvey, Keith A Wesnes, Peter J Snyder, Lon S Schneider

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 194 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
194citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03900273 nasuspendednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Development of Novel Measures of Cognition and Function for Alzheimer's Disease Prevention Trials

TypeinterventionalSponsorNew York State Psychiatric InstituteRan2019 to 2026Enrolled400ConditionsHealthy ParticipantsArmsNo Practice Effects (NPE) cognitive battery, and Miami Computerized Functional Assessment Scale (CFAS), Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Scale (ADAS-Cog), and Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ)
NCT04346433 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Sleep and Stigma: Novel Moderators in the Relationship Between Weight Status and Cognitive Function

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamRan2020 to 2022Enrolled61ConditionsObesity, Childhood, Overweight, ChildhoodArmsRestricted Sleep, Adequate Sleep
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

194 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  7. Efficacy and Safety ofNutrients · 2025
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134 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Terry E GoldbergLitwin Zucker Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, Feinstein Institute, Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA.
Philip D HarveyDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Research Service, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA.
Keith A WesnesWesnes Cognition, Streatley on Thames, UK.
Peter J SnyderDepartment of Neurology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University & Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
Lon S SchneiderDepartments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Gerontology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Funding

VASCULAR RISK AND COGNITIVE STATUS IN A LATINO POPULATIONP50AG005142 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI ARANDA, MARIA P. · 1985 to 2019
$41.0M
Allopregnanolone Regenerative Therapeutic for MCI/AD: Dose Finding Phase IUF1AG046148 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI BRINTON, ROBERTA EILEEN, SCHNEIDER, LON S · 2013 to 2013
$2.4M
Estrogen Receptor-beta phytoSERMs for Management of Menopause and Memory DeclineR01AG033288 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI SCHNEIDER, LON S · 2010 to 2012
$1.6M
Synthesis of Longer-Term Alzheimer Disease Studies in Order to Model and ImproveR01AG037561 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI SCHNEIDER, LON S · 2011 to 2013
$1.6M
BDNF val66met Genotype and Age: Impact on Biomarkers and Exercise-based TreatmentR01AG038734 · NIA · FEINSTEIN INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH · PI GOLDBERG, TERRY · 2011 to 2015
$1.5M
NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005142NIA NIH HHS R01 AG033288NIA NIH HHS R01 AG037561NIA NIH HHS R01 AG038734NIA NIH HHS UF1 AG046148
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPractice effects are characteristic of nearly all standard cognitive tasks when repeated during serial assessments and are frequently important confounders in clinical trials.

methodsWe summarize evidence that gains in neuropsychological test performance scores associated with practice effects occur as artifactual changes associated with serial testing within clinical trials. We identify and emphasize such gains in older, non-cognitively impaired individuals and estimate an effect size of 0.25 for composite cognitive measures in older populations assessed three times in a 6- to 12-month period.

resultsWe identified three complementary approaches that can be used to attenuate practice effects: (1) massed practice in a prebaseline period to reduce task familiarity effects; (2) tests designed to reduce practice-related gains so that item-specific driven improvements are minimized by using tasks that minimize strategy and/or maximize interitem interference; and (3) well-matched alternate forms. DISCUSSION: We have drawn attention to and increased awareness of practice effect-related gains that could result in type 1 or type 2 errors in trials. Successfully managing practice effects will eliminate a large source of error and reduce the likelihood of misinterpretation of clinical trials outcomes.

Indexed as

Alzheimer's diseaseClinical trialsCognitionNeuropsychologyPractice effectsPreclinical Alzheimer's diseaseSerial assessment

Identifiers

PMID27239497
PMCPMC4876902

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.