Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27236306›Full record

ArticleVirology2016

The genome of AR9, a giant transducing Bacillus phage encoding two multisubunit RNA polymerases.

Daria Lavysh, Maria Sokolova, Leonid Minakhin, Maria Yakunina, Tatjana Artamonova, Sergei Kozyavkin, Kira S Makarova, Eugene V Koonin, Konstantin Severinov

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Virology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

52 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The biology of jumbo phages.Nature communications · 2026
    Review
  2. Characterization ofEngineering microbiology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. The Biology of Nucleus-Forming Jumbo Phages.Annual review of genetics · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Frontiers in microbiology · 2023
    Article
  16. Article
  17. NovelViruses · 2022
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Viral Complexity.Biomolecules · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Daria LavyshInstitute of Molecular Genetics and Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: daria.lavysh@img.ras.ru.
Maria SokolovaPeter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russia. Electronic address: maria.sokolova@skolkovotech.ru.
Leonid MinakhinWaksman Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA. Electronic address: minakhin@waksman.rutgers.edu.
Maria YakuninaPeter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia. Electronic address: yakuninam@gmail.com.
Tatjana ArtamonovaPeter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia. Electronic address: artamonova@nanobio.spbstu.ru.
Sergei KozyavkinFidelity Systems, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA. Electronic address: serg@fidelitysystems.com.
Kira S MakarovaNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. Electronic address: makarova@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Eugene V KooninNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. Electronic address: koonin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Konstantin SeverinovInstitute of Molecular Genetics and Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russia; Waksman Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA. Electronic address: severik@waksman.rutgers.edu.

Funding

Comparative Analysis Of Completely Sequenced GenomesZIALM000073 · NLM · NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE · PI KOONIN, EUGENE V · 2009 to 2025
$43.1M
Finding Protein Sequence Motifs--Methods And ApplicationsZIALM000061 · NLM · NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE · PI KOONIN, EUGENE V · 2009 to 2025
$10.6M
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPLETELY SEQUENCED GENOMESZ01LM000073 · NLM · NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE · PI KOONIN, EUGENE V · 1996 to 2008
$1.2M
FINDING PROTEIN SEQUENCE MOTIFS--METHODS AND APPLICATIONSZ01LM000061 · NLM · NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE · PI KOONIN, EUGENE V · 1994 to 2008
$645k
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 LM000061Intramural NIH HHS Z01 LM000073
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacteriophage AR9 and its close relative PBS1 have been extensively used to construct early Bacillus subtilis genetic maps. Here, we present the 251,042bp AR9 genome, a linear, terminally redundant double-stranded DNA containing deoxyuridine instead of thymine. Multiple AR9 genes are interrupted by non-coding sequences or sequences encoding putative endonucleases. We show that these sequences are group I and group II self-splicing introns. Eight AR9 proteins are homologous to fragments of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) subunits β/β'. These proteins comprise two sets of paralogs of RNAP largest subunits, with each paralog encoded by two disjoint phage genes. Thus, AR9 is a phiKZ-related giant phage that relies on two multisubunit viral RNAPs to transcribe its genome independently of host transcription apparatus. Purification of one of PBS1/AR9 RNAPs has been reported previously, which makes AR9 a promising object for further studies of RNAP evolution, assembly and mechanism.

Indexed as

Genome, ViralBacillus PhagesBase SequenceConsensus SequenceDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesDNA ReplicationGene OrderIntronsOpen Reading FramesPhylogenyPosition-Specific Scoring MatricesPromoter Regions, GeneticProtein SubunitsRNA SplicingViral ProteinsDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesProtein SubunitsViral ProteinsBacillus subtilisBacteriophageEvolutionGenomeIntronsRNA polymeraseTranscription

Identifiers

PMID27236306
PMCPMC13189113

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.