Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27235376›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine2016

Limited School Drinking Water Access for Youth.

Erica L Kenney, Steven L Gortmaker, Juliana F W Cohen, Eric B Rimm, Angie L Cradock

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Public health nutrition · 2023
    Trial
  2. Article
  3. Drinking Water Availability in Public Schools: An Assessment of Four New Jersey School Districts.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  4. Observational
  5. Culture of Healthy Eating and Food Environments, Policies, and Practices in Regional New Zealand Schools.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Water intake and hydration state in children.European journal of nutrition · 2019
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Erica L KenneyDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: ekenney@hsph.harvard.edu.
Steven L GortmakerDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Juliana F W CohenDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Health Sciences, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts.
Eric B RimmDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Angie L CradockDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.

Funding

HARVARD PREVENTION RESEARCH CENTER ON NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY-CATEGORY 1U48DP001946 · DP · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI GORTMAKER, STEVEN L · 2009 to 2013
$7.5M
Nutritional Epidemiology of Cancer Education and Career Development ProgramR25CA098566 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI STAMPFER, MEIR · 2003 to 2013
$4.5M
NCCDPHP CDC HHS U48 DP001946NCI NIH HHS R25 CA098566
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeProviding children and youth with safe, adequate drinking water access during school is essential for health. This study used objectively measured data to investigate the extent to which schools provide drinking water access that meets state and federal policies.

methodsWe visited 59 middle and high schools in Massachusetts during spring 2012. Trained research assistants documented the type, location, and working condition of all water access points throughout each school building using a standard protocol. School food service directors (FSDs) completed surveys reporting water access in cafeterias. We evaluated school compliance with state plumbing codes and federal regulations and compared FSD self-reports of water access with direct observation; data were analyzed in 2014.

resultsOn average, each school had 1.5 (standard deviation: .6) water sources per 75 students; 82% (standard deviation: 20) were functioning and fewer (70%) were both clean and functioning. Less than half of the schools met the federal Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act requirement for free water access during lunch; 18 schools (31%) provided bottled water for purchase but no free water. Slightly over half (59%) met the Massachusetts state plumbing code. FSDs overestimated free drinking water access compared to direct observation (96% FSD reported vs. 48% observed, kappa = .07, p = .17).

conclusionsSchool drinking water access may be limited. In this study, many schools did not meet state or federal policies for minimum student drinking water access. School administrative staff may not accurately report water access. Public health action is needed to increase school drinking water access.

Indexed as

AdolescentDrinking WaterFood ServicesHumansLunchMassachusettsNutrition PolicyPublic HealthSchoolsStudentsSurveys and QuestionnairesDrinking WaterAdolescentsDrinking waterPolicySchools

Identifiers

PMID27235376
PMCPMC4920716

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.