ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2016
Progesterone Levels Associate with a Novel Population of CCR5+CD38+ CD4 T Cells Resident in the Genital Mucosa with Lymphoid Trafficking Potential.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of etonogestrel implant use on T-cell and cytokine profiles in the female genital tract and blood.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Effector and Activated T Cells Induce Preterm Labor and Birth That Is Prevented by Treatment with Progesterone.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Trial
- Genital Tract and Circulating CD8+ T Cell Phenotypes Vary Across the Menstrual Cycle.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Article
- CCR5 blockade inhibits menstrual-driven proinflammatory T cell infiltration into the cervicovaginal mucosa of women.Science advances · 2026Article
- Review
- Harnessing mucosal immunity for protective vaccines.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- The HIV Reservoir and Immune Landscape Across the Life Course of Women: Implications for Cure Strategies.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Cytokine concentration and T cell subsets in the female genital tract in the presence of bacterial vaginosis andFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- A Noninvasive Method to Sample Immune Cells in the Lower Female Genital Tract Using Menstrual Discs.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Article
- The menstrual cycle regulates migratory CD4 T-cell surveillance in the female reproductive tract via CCR5 signaling.Mucosal immunology · 2024Article
- Differential expression of HIV target cells CCR5 and α4β7 in tissue resident memory CD4 T cells in endocervix during the menstrual cycle of HIV seronegative women.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Advances and challenges in studying the tissue-resident T cell compartment in the human female reproductive tract.Immunological reviews · 2023Review
- Increased HIV-1 infection in PBMCs treated in vitro with menstrual cycle phase hormones or medroxyprogesterone acetate likely occurs via different mechanisms.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2022Article
- Evaluating the impact of three progestin-based hormonal contraceptive methods on immunologic changes in the female genital tract and systemically (CHIME Study): a prospective cohort study protocol.BMC women's health · 2022Article
- The Role of Tissue Resident Memory CD4 T Cells in Herpes Simplex Viral and HIV Infection.Viruses · 2021Review
- Antigen-Specific Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in the Respiratory System Were Generated following Intranasal Vaccination of Mice with BCG.Journal of immunology research · 2021Article
- The Role of CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Estradiol Enhances Antiviral CD4Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Resident Memory T Cells and Their Effect on Cancer.Vaccines · 2020Review
- HIV efficiently infects T cells from the endometrium and remodels them to promote systemic viral spread.eLife · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The female genital tract (FGT) provides a means of entry to pathogens, including HIV, yet immune cell populations at this barrier between host and environment are not well defined. We initiated a study of healthy women to characterize resident T cell populations in the lower FGT from lavage and patient-matched peripheral blood to investigate potential mechanisms of HIV sexual transmission. Surprisingly, we observed FGT CD4 T cell populations were primarily CCR7(hi), consistent with a central memory or recirculating memory T cell phenotype. In addition, roughly half of these CCR7(hi) CD4 T cells expressed CD69, consistent with resident memory T cells, whereas the remaining CCR7(hi) CD4 T cells lacked CD69 expression, consistent with recirculating memory CD4 T cells that traffic between peripheral tissues and lymphoid sites. HIV susceptibility markers CCR5 and CD38 were increased on FGT CCR7(hi) CD4 T cells compared with blood, yet migration to the lymphoid homing chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 was maintained. Infection with GFP-HIV showed that FGT CCR7(hi) memory CD4 T cells are susceptible HIV targets, and productive infection of CCR7(hi) memory T cells did not alter chemotaxis to CCL19 and CCL21. Variations of resident CCR7(hi) FGT CD4 T cell populations were detected during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and longitudinal analysis showed the frequency of this population positively correlated to progesterone levels. These data provide evidence women may acquire HIV through local infection of migratory CCR7(hi) CD4 T cells, and progesterone levels predict opportunities for HIV to access these novel target cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.