ArticleScientific reports2016
Efficacy of Indian polyvalent snake antivenoms against Sri Lankan snake venoms: lethality studies or clinically focussed in vitro studies.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antivenom preclinical efficacy testing against Asian snakes and their availability in Asia: A systematic review.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
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- Neurotoxicity of Sri Lankan Krait (Toxins · 2025Article
- Avian Antibodies as Potential Therapeutic Tools.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Snakebite Management: The Need of Reassessment, International Relations, and Effective Economic Measures to Reduce the Considerable SBE Burden.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Review
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- Multilevel Comparison of IndianToxins · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the properties ofToxicon: X · 2023Article
- Scorpion envenomation in Brazil: Current scenario and perspectives for containing an increasing health problem.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Review
- Snake Venom-specific Phospholipase A2: A Diagnostic Marker for the Management of Snakebite Cases.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2022Article
- Non-compartmental toxicokinetic studies of the NigerianToxicon: X · 2022Article
- Rodent Lethality Models Are Problematic for Evaluating Antivenoms for Human Envenoming.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Assessment of quality and pre-clinical efficacy of a newly developed polyvalent antivenom against the medically important snakes of Sri Lanka.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Proteomics, toxicity and antivenom neutralization of Sri Lankan and Indian Russell's viper (The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Effect of Indian Polyvalent Antivenom in the Prevention and Reversal of Local Myotoxicity Induced by Common Cobra (Toxins · 2021Article
- Biogeographical venom variation in the Indian spectacled cobra (Naja naja) underscores the pressing need for pan-India efficacious snakebite therapy.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Development of a Treatment Protocol for Cobra (Toxins · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In vitro antivenom efficacy studies were compared to rodent lethality studies to test two Indian snake antivenoms (VINS and BHARAT) against four Sri Lankan snakes. In vitro efficacy was tested at venom concentrations consistent with human envenoming. Efficacy was compared statistically for one batch from each manufacturer where multiple vials were available. In binding studies EC50 for all VINS antivenoms were less than BHARAT for D. russelii [553 μg/mL vs. 1371 μg/mL;p = 0.016), but were greater for VINS antivenoms compared to BHARAT for N. naja [336 μg/mL vs. 70 μg/mL;p < 0.0001]. EC50 of both antivenoms was only slighty different for E. carinatus and B. caeruleus. For procoagulant activity neutralisation, the EC50 was lower for VINS compared to BHARAT - 60 μg/mL vs. 176 μg/mL (p < 0.0001) for Russell's viper and 357 μg/mL vs. 6906μg/mL (p < 0.0001) for Saw-scaled viper. Only VINS antivenom neutralized in vitro neurotoxicity of krait venom. Both antivenoms partially neutralized cobra and didn't neutralize Russell's viper neurotoxicity. Lethality studies found no statistically significant difference in ED50 values between VINS and BHARAT antivenoms. VINS antivenoms appeared superior to BHARAT at concentrations equivalent to administering 10 vials antivenom, based on binding and neutralisation studies. Lethality studies were inconsistent suggesting rodent death may not measure relevant efficacy outcomes in humans.
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