ReviewMedecine et maladies infectieuses2016
Hajj-associated infections.
Review in Medecine et maladies infectieuses, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Face Mask for Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infection during Hajj: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene for Urban Poor in Low- and Middle-Income Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic through a Gendered Lens.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Paving the way for human vaccination against Rift Valley fever virus: A systematic literature review of RVFV epidemiology from 1999 to 2021.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Climate Change, Urbanization, and the Emerging Urban Threat of Rift Valley Fever in Tropical and Subtropical Cities: A Narrative Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- Characterising secondary dengue infections in Saudi Arabia using combined IgG and PCR testing.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2026Article
- Article
- Considering Islamic Frameworks to Infectious Disease Prevention.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Prevalence and Risk of Meningococcal Disease or Carriage During Mass Gatherings and Associated Travel: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- AI-driven healthcare innovations for enhancing clinical services during mass gatherings (Hajj): task force insights and future directions.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- The Need for a Travel Medicine Diploma in Saudi Arabia: Addressing National and Global Health Priorities.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Review
- Article
- Sacred journeys and pilgrimages: health risks associated with travels for religious purposes.Journal of travel medicine · 2024Review
- Diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of clinical and environmental Salmonella enterica serovars in Western Saudi Arabia.Folia microbiologica · 2024Article
- Genetic diversity and molecular analysis of human influenza virus among pilgrims during Hajj.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Prevalence of emergency cases among pilgrims presenting at King Abdulaziz International Airport Health Care Center at Hajj Terminal, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia during Hajj Season, 1440 H - 2019.Dialogues in health · 2023Article
- Preparation for the next pandemic: challenges in strengthening surveillance.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Article
- Hajj health examination for pilgrims with asthma in Malaysia: An ethnographic study.Journal of global health · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the rate, pattern and appropriateness of antibiotic prescription in a cohort of pilgrims suffering from upper respiratory tract infection during the 2018 Hajj season.Access microbiology · 2022Article
- Status of infectious disease content in the professional pharmacy curriculum in Saudi Arabia: Results of a national survey.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Hajj is the largest annual mass gathering event in the world, thus favoring the transmission of various infections: 183 different nationalities, high temperatures, coincidence with the start of the flu season in the Northern hemisphere, a long barefoot walk, tent-type accommodation, communal toilet facilities, absence of food control, and sharing of razors. Infections are the first cause of hospital admission, which often occurs in the home country of pilgrims.
methodsLiterature review on PubMed from 1952 to November 2015 on the epidemiology and prevention of infections contracted during the Hajj, using the keywords "Hajj" and "infections".
resultsRespiratory tract infections, ENT infections, influenza, pyogenic pneumonia, whooping cough, and tuberculosis are most frequently observed during the Hajj. Outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis have been reported in pilgrims and their contacts. Waterborne infections such as gastroenteritis and hepatitis A are common, despite the improvement of health conditions. Pyoderma and furuncles are also frequently observed. Recently, dengue fever, Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever, and Rift Valley fever have emerged but no case of MERS-coronavirus, appeared in Saudi Arabia in 2012, have yet been observed during the 2012-2014 Hajj.
conclusionPrevention is based on compulsory meningococcal vaccination, vaccination against seasonal influenza and pneumococcal infections for pilgrims at high risk of contracting the infection, and on vaccination against hepatitis A. Updating immunization for diphtheria/tetanus/poliomyelitis/pertussis and measles/mumps is also crucial and pilgrims must comply with hygiene precautions.
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