ReviewNeuromolecular medicine2016
The Diversity of Spine Synapses in Animals.
Review in Neuromolecular medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasma membrane invaginations and their diverse cellular functions.BMC biology · 2026Review
- Neuronal Actin Remodeling and Its Role in Higher Nervous Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Unraveling the mysteries of dendritic spine dynamics: Five key principles shaping memory and cognition.Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences · 2023Article
- The Structural Basis of Long-Term Potentiation in Hippocampal Synapses, Revealed by Electron Microscopy Imaging of Lanthanum-Induced Synaptic Vesicle Recycling.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Invaginating Structures in Synapses - Perspective.Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience · 2021Article
- Article
- Comparing 3D ultrastructure of presynaptic and postsynaptic mitochondria.Biology open · 2019Article
- The brain: a concept in flux.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019Review
- Insights into Electroreceptor Development and Evolution from Molecular Comparisons with Hair Cells.Integrative and comparative biology · 2018Article
- Invaginating Structures in Mammalian Synapses.Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience · 2018Review
- Invaginating Presynaptic Terminals in Neuromuscular Junctions, Photoreceptor Terminals, and Other Synapses of Animals.Neuromolecular medicine · 2017Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Here we examine the structure of the various types of spine synapses throughout the animal kingdom. Based on available evidence, we suggest that there are two major categories of spine synapses: invaginating and non-invaginating, with distributions that vary among different groups of animals. In the simplest living animals with definitive nerve cells and synapses, the cnidarians and ctenophores, most chemical synapses do not form spine synapses. But some cnidarians have invaginating spine synapses, especially in photoreceptor terminals of motile cnidarians with highly complex visual organs, and also in some mainly sessile cnidarians with rapid prey capture reflexes. This association of invaginating spine synapses with complex sensory inputs is retained in the evolution of higher animals in photoreceptor terminals and some mechanoreceptor synapses. In contrast to invaginating spine synapse, non-invaginating spine synapses have been described only in animals with bilateral symmetry, heads and brains, associated with greater complexity in neural connections. This is apparent already in the simplest bilaterians, the flatworms, which can have well-developed non-invaginating spine synapses in some cases. Non-invaginating spine synapses diversify in higher animal groups. We also discuss the functional advantages of having synapses on spines and more specifically, on invaginating spines. And finally we discuss pathologies associated with spine synapses, concentrating on those systems and diseases where invaginating spine synapses are involved.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.