ArticleEye (London, England)2016
Variation in rod and cone density from the fovea to the mid-periphery in healthy human retinas using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
- Photoreceptors integrity as surrogate of retinal sensitivity in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: a multimodal imaging study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Visual Acuity Provides a More Meaningful Measure of Vision-Related Functioning Than Mesopic Microperimetry in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms limiting the AAV gene therapy treatment window in mouse models of blue cone monochromacy.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Asymmetries in Foveal Vision.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Interocular distribution differences of parafoveal cone photoreceptors between dominant and non-dominant eyes assessed using an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- In Vivo Cone Photoreceptor Topography of the Human Foveola.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- ISOSNet: a unified framework for cone photoreceptor detection and inner segment and outer segment length measurement from AO-OCT B-scans.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
- Outer retinal reflectivity and visual function loss after anatomically successful macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2025Article
- Heterogeneous quantization regularizes spiking neural network activity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Molecular Mechanisms Limiting the Therapeutic Window of AAV Gene Therapy in Mouse Models of Blue Cone Monochromacy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Is the Normal Periphery in Young Adults a Good Model for Reading in the Presence of Central Vision Loss?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Retinal biomarkers in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: evidence and implications for the neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative models.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Polarization optical coherence tomography optoretinography: verifying light-induced photoreceptor outer segment shrinkage and subretinal space expansion.Neurophotonics · 2025Article
- Asymmetries in foveal vision.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- When do patients with retinitis pigmentosa present to ophthalmologists? A multi-centre retrospective study.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Retinal "sweet spot" for myopia treatment.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Morphology of the normative human cone photoreceptor mosaic and a publicly available adaptive optics montage repository.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Aberrant Lipid Metabolism and Complement Activation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Review
- Chromatic cues for the sign of defocus in the peripheral retina.Biomedical optics express · 2024Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
PurposeTo characterize the rod and cone photoreceptor mosaic at retinal locations spanning the central 60° in vivo using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) in healthy human eyes.MethodsAO-SLO images (0.7 × 0.9°) were acquired at 680 nm from 14 locations from 30° nasal retina (NR) to 30° temporal retina (TR) in 5 subjects. Registered averaged images were used to measure rod and cone density and spacing within 60 × 60 μm regions of interest. Voronoi analysis was performed to examine packing geometry at all locations.ResultsAverage peak cone density near the fovea was 164 000±24 000 cones/mm(2) and decreased to 6700±1500 and 5400±700 cones/mm(2) at 30° NR and 30° TR, respectively. Cone-to-cone spacing increased from 2.7±0.2 μm at the fovea to 14.6±1.4 μm at 30° NR and 16.3±0.7 μm at 30° TR. Rod density peaked at 25° NR (124 000±20 000 rods/mm(2)) and 20° TR (120 000±12 000 rods/mm(2)) and decreased at higher eccentricities. Center-to-center rod spacing was lowest nasally at 25° (2.1±0.1 μm). Temporally, rod spacing was lowest at 20° (2.2±0.1 μm) before increasing to 2.3±0.1 μm at 30° TR.ConclusionsBoth rod and cone densities showed good agreement with histology and prior AO-SLO studies. The results demonstrate the ability to image at higher retinal eccentricities than reported previously. This has clinical importance in diseases that initially affect the peripheral retina such as retinitis pigmentosa.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.