Trial reportScientific reports2016
Relationship of Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Levels with early Atherosclerosis in Humans.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 162 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
162 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 293 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of microbiota derived metabolites in modulating diabetic inflammation: a systematic review.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Pooled it
- Heart-Gut Axis in Cardiometabolic Disease: Microbiome-Mediated Pathways Linking Metabolic Syndrome to Cardiovascular Risk.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- The microbiota-gut-brain-epigenome axis as a novel therapeutic target for decoding postpartum depression.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Microbial dysbiosis in obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Gut Microbiota-Derived Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Kidney Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Comparison between Egg Intake versus Choline Supplementation on Gut Microbiota and Plasma Carotenoids in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Assessing the effects of alternative plant-based meatsJournal of nutritional science · 2022Trial
- Effects of a diet based on the Dietary Guidelines on vascular health and TMAO in women with cardiometabolic risk factors.Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2022Trial
- Evaluation of an 8-Week Vegan Diet on Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Postchallenge Glucose in Adults with Dysglycemia or Obesity.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- A randomized crossover trial on the effect of plant-based compared with animal-based meat on trimethylamine-N-oxide and cardiovascular disease risk factors in generally healthy adults: Study With Appetizing Plantfood-Meat Eating Alternative Trial (SWAP-MEAT).The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Trial
- Trial
- A Mediterranean diet does not alter plasma trimethylamine N-oxide concentrations in healthy adults at risk for colon cancer.Food & function · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Grape Pomace Polyphenolic Extract (TaurisoloNutrients · 2019Trial
- Changes in Gut Microbiota-Related Metabolites and Long-term Successful Weight Loss in Response to Weight-Loss Diets: The POUNDS Lost Trial.Diabetes care · 2018Trial
- Microbial metabolite-driven mechanisms linking the gut microbiome to atherosclerosis: multi-omic and translational perspectives.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Article
- Clonal Hematopoiesis and Gut Microbiota-Derived TMAO as Candidate Amplifiers of Cardiovascular Inflammation: The CHIDT Hypothesis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Microbiome-Associated Drug Response Variability in Heart Failure Treatment.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
102 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Circulating trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) levels predict cardiovascular disease (CVD), possibly by impacting on cholesterol metabolism and oxidative stress. Because hepatic TMAO production is regulated by insulin signalling and it is unclear whether and to what extent circulating TMAO levels associate with CVD risk, independently of insulin resistance and its important determinants fatty liver and visceral obesity, we have now addressed this question in 220 subjects who participated in the Tübingen Lifestyle Intervention Program. Visceral fat mass (r = 0.40, p < 0.0001), liver fat content (r = 0.23, p = 0.0005) and TMAO levels (r = 0.26, p < 0.0001) associated positively, and insulin sensitivity associated negatively (r = -0.18, p = 0.009) with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Higher TMAO levels (std.-Beta 0.11, p = 0.03) predicted increased cIMT, independently of age, sex and visceral fat mass. While during the lifestyle intervention most cardiovascular risk parameters improved, mean TMAO levels did not change (p = 0.18). However, cIMT decreased significantly (p = 0.0056) only in subjects in the tertile with the largest decrease of TMAO levels (>20%). We provide novel information that increased serum TMAO levels associate with increased cIMT, independently of established cardiovascular risk markers, including insulin resistance, visceral obesity and fatty liver. Furthermore, the decrease of cIMT during a lifestyle intervention may be related to the decrease of TMAO levels.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.