Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27228459›Full record

ArticleJAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery2016

Mucous Cytokine Levels in Chronic Rhinosinusitis-Associated Olfactory Loss.

Rodney J Schlosser, Jennifer K Mulligan, J Madison Hyer, Tom T Karnezis, David A Gudis, Zachary M Soler

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The risk of glaucoma in chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. What can we learn about chronic rhinosinusitis through mucus?Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Observational
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Olfactory Loss in Rhinosinusitis: Mechanisms of Loss and Recovery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
  14. Observational
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Rodney J SchlosserDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston2Ralph H. Johnson, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina.
Jennifer K MulliganDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston3Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
J Madison HyerDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
Tom T KarnezisDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
David A GudisDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
Zachary M SolerDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
Medical University of South Carolina · US

Funding

Olfactory-specific inflammation and disease severity in chronic rhinosinusitisR03DC013651 · NIDCD · MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA · PI SOLER, ZACHARY M · 2013 to 2015
$449k
NIDCD NIH HHS R03 DC013651
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

importanceOlfactory loss is a frequent symptom of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), but our understanding of how inflammatory cytokines affect olfaction is limited.

objectivesTo examine whether inflammatory cytokines are present in the olfactory cleft and whether they correlate with objective olfaction. DESIGN, SETTING, AND

participantsIn this cross-sectional study, patients with CRS underwent quantitative olfactory testing using the Sniffin Sticks test to calculate a composite threshold discrimination identification (TDI) score from October 21, 2013, to November 12, 2015. Nasal mucus was collected using a sponge placed in the olfactory cleft for 5 minutes, and Cytometric Bead Array was used to measure secreted immunomodulatory products. Correlations between TDI score and secreted mediators were then calculated. Data analysis was performed from October 15, 2015, to December 17, 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Composite TDI scores and mean secreted mediator levels in mucus from the olfactory cleft.

resultsThirty-four patients were enrolled (mean [SD] age, 57.3 [15.7] years; female, 21 [61.8%]; white, 26 [76.5]). The TDI scores were lower in patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) than in patients with CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) (difference, 8.7; 95% CI, 2.5-15.0; P = .007). Interleukin (IL) 5 levels were inversely correlated with TDI scores in patients with CRSwNP and those with CRSsNP (mean [SE] β estimate, -46.56 [15.11]; P = .005), whereas IL-6, IL-7, and vascular endothelial growth factor A were positively correlated with TDI scores only in the CRSwNP cohort. Subscale olfactory TDI scores followed similar correlations to composite TDI scores. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, inflammatory cytokines were found in mucus collected from the olfactory cleft. Levels of IL-5, in addition to other cytokines, were associated with objective olfactory function. Further inquiry is needed to establish the source of mucous cytokines and establish whether they play a causal role in olfactory loss.

Indexed as

Chronic DiseaseCross-Sectional StudiesCytokinesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNasal MucosaOlfaction DisordersRhinitisSinusitisCytokines

Identifiers

PMID27228459
PMCPMC5751717
OpenAlexW2397441887

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.