ArticleAnalytical chemistry2016
Understanding the Complexity of Porous Graphitic Carbon (PGC) Chromatography: Modulation of Mobile-Stationary Phase Interactions Overcomes Loss of Retention and Reduces Variability.
Article in Analytical chemistry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Navigating the glycomics landscape with CE-MS: advances in sample preparation and analytical strategies.The Analyst · 2026Review
- Hierarchical Channeled Graphitized Nanoarchitecture as a Diagnostic Platform for Maternal Fever Warning.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A mixed-mode LC-MS-based method for comprehensive analysis of NAD and related metabolites from biological sample matrices.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- AI-Enhanced Understanding of Retention Interactions in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography: Neural Network Insights into Retention on Selected Non-Polar Stationary Phases.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- SAMHD1 shapes deoxynucleotide triphosphate homeostasis by interconnecting the depletion and biosynthesis of different dNTPs.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Analysis of human biological samples using porous graphitic carbon columns and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: a review.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Review
- Comparison of reversed-phase, hydrophilic interaction, and porous graphitic carbon chromatography columns for an untargeted toxicometabolomics study in pooled human liver microsomes, rat urine, and rat plasma.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2024Article
- Ion mobility-tandem mass spectrometry of mucin-type O-glycans.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Inclusion of Porous Graphitic Carbon Chromatography Yields Greater Protein Identification and Compartment and Process Coverage and Enables More Reflective Protein-Level Label-Free Quantitation.Journal of proteome research · 2023Article
- SWAMNA: a comprehensive platform for analysis of nucleic acid modifications.Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
- Cell-Free Multi-Enzyme Synthesis and Purification of Uridine Diphosphate Galactose.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2022Article
- T Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity Cooperatively Induced By TGFβR1 Antagonism and Gemcitabine Counteracts Reformation of the Stromal Barrier in Pancreatic Cancer.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2021Article
- Development and validation of a method for the simultaneous analysis of fatty acid ethyl esters, ethyl sulfate and ethyl glucuronide in neonatal meconium: application in two cases of alcohol consumption during pregnancy.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2021Article
- Total Retention Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to Achieve Maximum Protein Sequence Coverage.Analytical chemistry · 2021Article
- In-House Packed Porous Graphitic Carbon Columns for Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis ofFrontiers in chemistry · 2021Article
- A Pragmatic Guide to Enrichment Strategies for Mass Spectrometry-Based Glycoproteomics.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2021Review
- In-Depth Glycan Characterization of Therapeutic Glycoproteins by Stepwise PGC SPE and LC-MS/MS.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2021Article
- Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomics and Glycoproteomics in COVID-19 Biomarkers Identification: A Mini-review.Journal of analysis and testing · 2021Review
- Mass Spectrometry-Based Methods for Immunoglobulin G N-Glycosylation Analysis.Experientia supplementum (2012) · 2021Article
- Extraction Improvement of the Bioactive Blue-Green Pigment "Marennine" from DiatomMarine drugs · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Porous graphitic carbon (PGC) is an important tool in a chromatographer's armory that retains polar compounds with mass spectrometry (MS)-compatible solvents. However, its applicability is severely limited by an unpredictable loss of retention, which can be attributed to contamination. The solutions offered fail to restore the original retention and our observations of retention time shifts of gemcitabine/metabolites on PGC are not consistent with contamination. The mobile phase affects the ionization state of analytes and the polarizable PGC surface that influences the strength of dispersive forces governing retention on the stationary phase. We hypothesized that failure to maintain the same PGC surface before and after running a gradient is a cause of the observed retention loss/variability on PGC. Herein, we optimize the choice of mobile phase solvent in a gradient program with three parts: a preparatory phase, which allows binding of analytes to column; an elution phase, which gives the required separation/peak shape; and a maintenance phase, to preserve the required retention capacity. Via liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of gemcitabine and its metabolites extracted from tumor tissue, we demonstrate reproducible chromatography on three PGC columns of different ages. This approach simplifies use of the PGC to the same level as that of a C-18 column, removes the need for column regeneration, and minimizes run times, thus allowing PGC columns to be used to their full potential.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
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