Observational studyPediatric emergency care2018
Defining No Pain, Mild, Moderate, and Severe Pain Based on the Faces Pain Scale-Revised and Color Analog Scale in Children With Acute Pain.
Observational study in Pediatric emergency care, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic Pain Assessments in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review of the Selection, Administration, Interpretation, and Reporting of Unidimensional Pain Intensity Scales.Pain research & management · 2017Pooled it
- Parent-child agreement in reporting somatic distress, gastrointestinal symptoms, mental health, and general health in girls with functional abdominal pain.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Trial
- Therapeutic communication improves patient comfort during venipuncture in children: a single-blinded intervention study.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Trial
- Red induces hyperalgesia and white induces hypoalgesia regardless of pain modality.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Oral morphine versus ibuprofen administered at home for postoperative orthopedic pain in children: a randomized controlled trial.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2017Trial
- Factors Associated With High Pain Scores During Paediatric Peripherous Intravenous Cannulation Insertion: A Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study in Children.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2026Observational
- Oral health findings and dental behaviour in children with familial mediterranean fever: a case-control study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Evaluating plantar correction strategies in pediatric growing pains: a postural and pain analysis in 647 children.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Article
- Cold and vibration for children undergoing needle-related procedures: A non-inferiority randomized clinical trial.Paediatric & neonatal pain · 2024Article
- Preoperative frailty tendency predicts delirium occurrence in older people undergoing spinal surgery.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Dental pain report in children and genetic polymorphism (rs4818) in Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene: a cross- sectional study.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2024Article
- Virtual Reality Hypnoanxiolysis and Analgesia for Emergency Department Needle-Related Procedures: A Prospective Interventional Cohort Pilot Study Implementation.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Digital health · 2023Article
- Back pain in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2023Article
- The Cost-Effectiveness of a Dance and Yoga Intervention for Girls with Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2023Article
- Behavioral Strategies to Minimize Procedural Distress During In-Office Pediatric Tympanostomy Tube Placement Without Sedation or Restraint.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2022Article
- Exceeding 2-h sedentary time per day is not associated with moderate to severe spinal pain in 11- to 13-year-olds: a cross-sectional analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Clinical Interpretation of Self-Reported Pain Scores in Children with Acute Pain.The Journal of pediatrics · 2022Observational
- Evaluating the 0-10 Point Pain Scale on Adolescent Opioid Use in US Emergency Departments.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- An assessment of the psychometric properties of the Stoplight Pain Scale in a Canadian paediatric emergency department.Paediatrics & child health · 2021Article
- Paracetamol and Ibuprofen in the Treatment of Fever and Acute Mild-Moderate Pain in Children: Italian Experts' Consensus Statements.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe aims of this study were to define the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) and Color Analog Scale (CAS) scores associated with no pain, mild pain, moderate pain, and severe pain in children with acute pain, and to identify differences based on age, sex, and ethnicity.
methodsWe conducted a prospective observational study in 2 pediatric emergency departments of children aged 4 to 17 years with painful and nonpainful conditions. We assessed their pain intensity using the FPS-R, CAS, and qualitative measures. Pain score cut points that best differentiated adjacent categories of pain were identified using a receiver operating characteristic-based method. Cut points were compared within subgroups based on age, sex, and ethnicity.
resultsWe enrolled 620 patients, of whom 314 had painful conditions. The mean age was 9.2 years; 315 (50.8%) were in the younger age group (aged 4-7 years); 291 (46.8%) were female; and 341 (55%) were Hispanic. The scores best representing categories of pain for the FPS-R were as follows: no pain, 0 and 2; mild pain, 4; moderate pain, 6; and severe pain, 8 and 10. For the CAS, these were 0 to 1, 1.25 to 2.75, 3 to 5.75, and 6 to 10, respectively. Children with no pain frequently reported nonzero pain scores. There was considerable overlap of scores associated with mild and moderate pain. There were no clinically meaningful differences of scores representing each category of pain based on age, ethnicity, and race.
conclusionsWe defined pain scores for the FPS-R and CAS associated with categories of pain intensity in children with acute pain that are generalizable across subgroups based on patient characteristics. There were minor but potentially important differences in pain scores used to delineate categories of pain intensity compared to prior convention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.