ArticleCornea2016
Influence of Omega 3 and 6 Fatty Acids on Human Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells.
Article in Cornea, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Impact of a High-Fat Diet on Eye Health.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for dry eye disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of aerobic exercise alone or combined with Mediterranean diet on dry eye in obese hypertensive elderly.Irish journal of medical science · 2023Trial
- Effectiveness of Mediterranean Diet Implementation in Dry Eye Parameters: A Study of PREDIMED-PLUS Trial.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- How Eyelid Changes May Impact on Tears.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Can Nutrition Play a Role in Ameliorating Digital Eye Strain?Nutrients · 2022Review
- Association of Serum Lipid Level with Meibum Biosynthesis and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Triacylglycerol lipidome from human meibomian gland epithelial cells: Description, response to culture conditions, and perspective on function.Experimental eye research · 2021Article
- Saturation of cholesteryl esters produced by human meibomian gland epithelial cells after treatment with rosiglitazone.The ocular surface · 2021Article
- Relation of Dietary Fatty Acids and Vitamin D to the Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Japanese Adults: The Hirado-Takushima Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Eye Health: Opinions and Self-Reported Practice Behaviors of Optometrists in Australia and New Zealand.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Organotypic Culture of Mouse Meibomian Gland: A Novel Model to Study Meibomian Gland Dysfunction In Vitro.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Review
- Dry Eye Disease: A Review of Epidemiology in Taiwan, and its Clinical Treatment and Merits.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
- Hypoxia: A breath of fresh air for the meibomian gland.The ocular surface · 2019Article
- PPARγ regulates meibocyte differentiation and lipid synthesis of cultured human meibomian gland epithelial cells (hMGEC).The ocular surface · 2018Article
- The Effect of Solithromycin, a Cationic Amphiphilic Drug, on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells.Current eye research · 2018Article
- Relation Between Dietary Essential Fatty Acid Intake and Dry Eye Disease and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Postmenopausal Women.American journal of ophthalmology · 2018Article
- The role of lipids in corneal diseases and dystrophies: a systematic review.Clinical and translational medicine · 2017Review
- Meibomian Gland Disease: The Role of Gland Dysfunction in Dry Eye Disease.Ophthalmology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeOral supplementation with omega 3 (ω-3) and/or 6 (ω-6) fatty acids (FAs) has been reported to alleviate the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease and to improve the expressibility and quality of meibum, in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction. We tested our hypothesis that these FA effects may reflect a direct FA action on human meibomian gland epithelial cells.
methodsImmortalized human meibomian gland epithelial cells (IHMGECs) were cultured with ω-3, ω-6, or both FAs together for up to 7 days in the presence or absence of serum. After FA exposure, cells were analyzed for lipid expression, lysosome content, and proliferative ability.
resultsOur research shows that ω-3 and ω-6 stimulate the accumulation of small neutral lipid-containing vesicles, but not lysosomes, in IHMGECs. This vesicular effect was associated with a 2.4- to 3.7-fold increase in the cellular content of triglycerides after ω-3 and ω-6 treatment, respectively. The combination of both FAs together also enhanced triglyceride levels. Of interest, culture of IHMGECs with ω-3 and azithromycin, a known inducer of IHMGEC differentiation, led to a significantly greater amount of total neutral lipids, relative to that found with azithromycin alone. Cellular exposure to the FAs did not alter the expression of free or esterified cholesterol, or phospholipids. Further, these FAs, alone or together, prevented the proliferation of IHMGECs in serum-free, but not serum-containing, media.
conclusionsOur findings support our hypothesis and demonstrate that ω-3 and ω-6 can act directly on IHMGECs to influence the quality and quantity of intracellular lipids.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.