ArticlePloS one2016
Prevalence and Fate of Carbapenemase Genes in a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Northern China.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- The surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in wastewater from a one health perspective: A global scoping and temporal review (2014-2024).One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Diverse Ecological Niches-One Health Perspective and Food Safety.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Carbapenemase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria isolated from municipal wastewater treatment plant and urban river in Nepal.Current research in microbial sciences · 2025Article
- A Review of the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance through Wastewater Treatment Plants: Current Situation in Sri Lanka and Future Perspectives.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Emergence of Carbapenemase Genes in Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from the Wastewater Treatment Plant in A Coruña, Spain.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Fate of Horizontal-Gene-Transfer Markers and Beta-Lactamase Genes during Thermophilic Composting of Human Excreta.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Clinically Relevant β-Lactam Resistance Genes in Wastewater Treatment Plants.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Prevalence of High-Risk β-Lactam Resistance Genes in Family Livestock Farms in Danjiangkou Reservoir Basin, Central China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Nanofiltration as an Efficient Tertiary Wastewater Treatment: Elimination of Total Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes from the Discharged Effluent of a Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plant.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Municipal Wastewaters Carry Important Carbapenemase Genes Independent of Hospital Input and Can Mirror Clinical Resistance Patterns.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Environmental spreading of clinically relevant carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli: the occurrence of blaBMC microbiology · 2022Article
- Wild Boars as an Indicator of Environmental Spread of ESβL-ProducingFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Occurrence of New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase 1 ProducingMicrobiology insights · 2022Article
- Environmental and Pathogenic Carbapenem Resistant Bacteria Isolated from a Wastewater Treatment Plant Harbour Distinct Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Climatological and Epidemiological Conditions Are Important Factors Related to the Abundance ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Antibiogram and beta-lactamase genes among cefotaxime resistant E. coli from wastewater treatment plant.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2020Article
- Diverse Gene Cassette Arrays Prevail in CommensalFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Resistome in Lake Bolonha, Brazilian Amazon: Identification of Genes Related to Resistance to Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Carbapenemase-producing bacteria in food-producing animals, wildlife and environment: A challenge for human health.Italian journal of food safety · 2019Article
- Characteristics of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Wastewater Revealed by Genomic Analysis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing strains of bacteria, which were primarily found in the medical field, have increasingly been found in the environment, thus posing potential risks to public health. One possible way for carbapenemase genes to enter the environment is via wastewater. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the occurrence and fate of five high-risk carbapenemase genes in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in northern China using real-time qPCR. Results showed that the blaKPC-2, blaGES-1, and blaIMP-1 genes prevailed throughout all processing stages (even in the chlorination disinfection unit) in the WWTP, whereas the blaVIM-2 and blaOXA-48 genes were not detected in all samples. Worryingly, considerable amounts of carbapenemase genes ((1.54 ± 0.61) × 103 copies/mL to (2.14± 0.41) × 105 copies/mL) were detected in WWTP effluent samples, while the majority of the carbapenemase genes were transported to the dewatered sludge with concentrations from (6.51 ± 0.14) × 109 copies/g to (6.18 ± 0.63) × 1010 copies/g dry weight. Furthermore, a total of 97 KPC-2-producing strains, belonging to 8 bacterial genera, were isolated from the WWTP. Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that most of KPC-2 producing isolates were opportunistic pathogens, including Klebsiella spp. (10.3%), Enterococcus spp. (11.3%), Acinetobacter spp. (19.6%), Escherichia spp. (12.4%), Shigella spp. (17.5%), Stenotrophomonas spp. (10.3%) and Wautersiella spp. (9.3%). Moreover, blaKPC-2 genes were identified for the first time in Paenibacillus spp. isolates (an indigenous bacteria), indicating an increased risk of horizontal transfer between clinical pathogens and environmental bacteria. Indeed, a conjugation experiment demonstrated transfer of the blaKPC-2 gene to an E.coli J53 strain from a Klebsiella strain isolated from the WWTP. To our knowledge, this is the first study to obtain Paenibacillus spp. isolates carrying the carbapenemase gene and to quantify the abundance of carbapenemase genes in the environment.
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