ReviewMicrobiology spectrum2016
Gram-Positive Uropathogens, Polymicrobial Urinary Tract Infection, and the Emerging Microbiota of the Urinary Tract.
Review in Microbiology spectrum, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 211 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
211 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 386 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urinary tract infections and risk of preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical utility of oral Nemonoxacin 500 mg once daily for the treatment of acute lower urinary tract infections: a prospective open-label, multicenter study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Abundance of Multidrug Resistance Efflux Pumps in the Urinary Metagenome of Kidney Transplant Patients.BioMed research international · 2020Trial
- Antimicrobial and probiotic potential of Lactobacillus from traditional dairy products against uropathogenic gram-negative bacteria.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Article
- Diabetes Mellitus Affects Urinary Tissue Tropism of Group B Streptococci in a Sex-Dependent Manner.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Occurrence and relevance of Gardnerella vaginalis in urine cultures of kidney transplant recipients- a retrospective cohort analysis.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Assessment of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm response to amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin using a dynamic in vitro pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model of catheter-associated urinary tract infection.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- UropathogenicAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Pyocyanin produced byAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Evaluation of Uropathogens' AMR in a Romanian Tertiary Center: Male vs. Female Comparison.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Differential antimicrobial responses in polymicrobial triple-species biofilms associated with persistent urinary tract infections.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comparative Evaluation of Multiplex Real-Time PCR, Standard Urine Culture, and Rapid Nephelometric Screening in Patients with Complicated Urinary Tract Infections.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Culture-Free Lipidomics-Based Screening Test for Uropathogens.Clinical chemistry · 2026Article
- Chondroitin sulfate degradation bolstersbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- An Unusual Cluster of Urinary Tract Infections, Including Salmonella spp., in an Iranian Ulcerative Colitis Cohort Treated With Vedolizumab: A Case Series and Comparative Analysis.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Staphylococcal internalization into osteoblasts: a partially conserved mechanism across the genus.mBio · 2026Article
- Genomics reveal Staphylococcus aureus persists during long-term urinary catheterization despite antimicrobial therapy and catheter exchanges.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Characterization and Therapeutic Potential of a Novel Bacteriophage Targeting Methicillin-ResistantInternational journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- Assessing the potential of urinary dipstick testing to guide empirical antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infections in patients admitted to the emergency department: a cross-sectional study.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- Renal Salvage in Pyonephrosis: A Retrospective Observational Study at a Tertiary Care Center in North India.Cureus · 2026Article
151 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Gram-positive bacteria are a common cause of urinary-tract infection (UTI), particularly among individuals who are elderly, pregnant, or who have other risk factors for UTI. Here we review the epidemiology, virulence mechanisms, and host response to the most frequently isolated Gram-positive uropathogens: Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus agalactiae. We also review several emerging, rare, misclassified, and otherwise underreported Gram-positive pathogens of the urinary tract including Aerococcus, Corynebacterium, Actinobaculum, and Gardnerella. The literature strongly suggests that urologic diseases involving Gram-positive bacteria may be easily overlooked due to limited culture-based assays typically utilized for urine in hospital microbiology laboratories. Some UTIs are polymicrobial in nature, often involving one or more Gram-positive bacteria. We herein review the risk factors and recent evidence for mechanisms of bacterial synergy in experimental models of polymicrobial UTI. Recent experimental data has demonstrated that, despite being cleared quickly from the bladder, some Gram-positive bacteria can impact pathogenic outcomes of co-infecting organisms. When taken together, the available evidence argues that Gram-positive bacteria are important uropathogens in their own right, but that some can be easily overlooked because they are missed by routine diagnostic methods. Finally, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that a surprising variety of fastidious Gram-positive bacteria may either reside in or be regularly exposed to the urinary tract and further suggests that their presence is widespread among women, as well as men. Experimental studies in this area are needed; however, there is a growing appreciation that the composition of bacteria found in the bladder could be a potentially important determinant in urologic disease, including susceptibility to UTI.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.