ReviewMicrobiology spectrum2016
Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance.
Review in Microbiology spectrum, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07261969 (CRP and Patient Information Leaflets to Optimise Antibiotic Treatments for Adults With Respiratory Tract Infections in Primary Care in Kyrgyzstan), which is not on this map. Cited by 1,098 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
CRP and Patient Information Leaflets to Optimise Antibiotic Treatments for Adults With Respiratory Tract Infections in Primary Care in Kyrgyzstan
Who cites it
1,098 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance ofOpen veterinary journal · 2025Pooled it
- CRISPR Technology Applied to the Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Environment.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Population size modulates the transition from gene amplification-mediated heteroresistance to stable resistance.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Whole-genome insights into a multidrug-resistant, biofilm-forming, and pathogenic Salmonella Umbilo isolate and molecular characterization of rare Salmonella serovars from poultry.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Taking Charge Against the Silent Pandemic-Electrochemical Characterization of Drug Resistance.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Aspergillus niger as a New Endophytic Fungus From Deverra tortuosa: Phytochemical Profile, Molecular Docking, Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activities.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors: A New Front in an Old War.Journal of molecular biology · 2026Review
- A functionally selectedApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Rapid Diagnostics for Distinguishing Bacterial and Viral Infections: A Review of Technologies, Clinical Utility, and Stewardship Implications.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Article
- Recent Advances in Zinc(II)-Complexes for Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy.Chemistry, an Asian journal · 2026Review
- Linking Antimicrobial Agent Resistance Profiles to Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Perforated Appendicitis.Surgical infections · 2026Article
- Tetracyclines, a timely resurgence or doomed to fail again?Journal of medical microbiology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of BD Phoenix CPO Detect and NG-Test CARBA 5 for the detection and classification of carbapenemase-producingMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- From resistance mechanisms to therapy: Antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology-Driven Strategies to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance in the One Health Era.Journal of clinical practice and research · 2026Review
- Assessment data of antibiotic resistance patterns in bacteria from Ana Sagar Lake: Environmental and public health perspectives.Data in brief · 2026Article
- One Health Insights From Pteropus medius: Nipah Virus Spillover, Microbiota, and Antimicrobial Resistance.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Universal-BacMicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- The Pharmacology of Bacterial Persistence: From Antibiotic Tolerance to Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
1,038 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Emergence of resistance among the most important bacterial pathogens is recognized as a major public health threat affecting humans worldwide. Multidrug-resistant organisms have not only emerged in the hospital environment but are now often identified in community settings, suggesting that reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are present outside the hospital. The bacterial response to the antibiotic "attack" is the prime example of bacterial adaptation and the pinnacle of evolution. "Survival of the fittest" is a consequence of an immense genetic plasticity of bacterial pathogens that trigger specific responses that result in mutational adaptations, acquisition of genetic material, or alteration of gene expression producing resistance to virtually all antibiotics currently available in clinical practice. Therefore, understanding the biochemical and genetic basis of resistance is of paramount importance to design strategies to curtail the emergence and spread of resistance and to devise innovative therapeutic approaches against multidrug-resistant organisms. In this chapter, we will describe in detail the major mechanisms of antibiotic resistance encountered in clinical practice, providing specific examples in relevant bacterial pathogens.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.